贵州不同生境油茶林传粉昆虫的多样性及其优势种的访花行为  

Pollinator Diversity of Camellia oleifera Forest and Foraging Behavior of Dominant Species Under Different Habitat of Guizhou

作　　者：韦小平[1] 林平 王海[2] 李应 黎华君[1] 贺兴江 WEI Xiao-ping;LIN Ping;WANG Hai;LI Ying;LI Hua-jun;HE Xin-jiang(Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科学院农业科技信息研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第10期2145-2152,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅联合资金项目“中华蜜蜂传粉对贵州油茶产量的影响”[黔科合LH字(2014)7684];国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(蜜蜂)(CARS-44-SYZ8)。

摘　　要：【目的】为科学保护和利用传粉昆虫资源,提高贵州油茶生产提供理论依据。【方法】采用踏查、定点观察、标准样株全天观察及彩色盘诱集等方法相结合,于2015-2017年连续3年对贵州低热地区、石漠化地区和高寒山区3类生境类型下油茶传粉昆虫的种类、多度与丰度、访花行为及其动态变化进行研究。【结果】贵州油茶林传粉昆虫由膜翅目(Hymenoptera)、双翅目(Diptera)、鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)和鞘翅目(Coleoptera)4个目组成,其中,膜翅目昆虫占绝对优势。油茶地蜂(Andrena camellia Wu)、中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana Fabricius)和墨胸胡蜂(Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson)为贵州油茶主要的传粉昆虫;油茶地蜂为低热地区油茶的优势传粉昆虫,中华蜜蜂为高寒山区油茶的优势传粉昆虫,其数量变化随气候、油茶林下土地利用方式以及油茶田间管理方法变化而变化。【结论】贵州油茶生产中,应结合传粉昆虫资源保护,补充种植蜜源或适量保留林下开花植物,为地蜂、胡蜂和蜜蜂创造良好的生活环境,以增加油茶林传粉昆虫多样性,提高油茶授粉率。【Objective】The objective of the paper is to provide the theoretical basis for scientific protection and utilization of pollinator resource,and increase production of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou.【Method】The species,abundance and richness,foraging behavior and its dynamic variation of Camellia oleifera pollinator under three habitats types(low-hot areas,rocky desertification areas and high-cold mountainous areas)in Guizhou are studied continuously three years during 2015-2017 by using investigation,site-fixed observation,all-day observation of standard samples and colored plate trap methods.【Result】Four orders of Camellia oleifera pollinator included Hymenoptera,Diptera,Lepidoptera and Coleoptera,and Hymenoptera accounted for dominant orders.Andrena camellia Wu,Apis cerana cerana Fabricius and Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson were the main pollinators for Camellia oleifera in Guizhou.Andrena camellia Wu was the dominant pollinator for Camellia oleifera in low-hot areas.Apis cerana cerana Fabricius was the dominant pollinator for Camellia oleifera in high-cold mountainous areas.The number of pollinators changed with change of climate,using pattern of land under Camellia oleifera forest and field management method of Camellia oleifera.【Conclusion】In the production of Camellia oleifera in Guizhou,it should be combined with the protection of pollinator resources,supplementary plantation of nectar source or suitably reserving flowering plant under Camellia oleifera forest to create a better living environment for Andrena camellia Wu,Apis cerana cerana Fabricius and Vespa velutina nigrithorax Buysson,so as to increase pollinator diversity for Camellia oleifera forest and improve pollination rate of Camellia oleifera.

关 键 词：油茶 传粉昆虫 多样性 不同生境类型 贵州 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S897.3[农业科学—林学]