近40年阜康市耕层土壤养分变化特征  

Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Changes in Arable Land of Fukang City in Recent 40 Years

作　　者：高洁 武红旗[1] 李新梅[2] 范燕敏[1] 侯艳娜 杨强军 GAO Jie;WU Hong-qi;LI Xin-mei;FAN Yan-min;HOU Yan-na;YANG Qiang-jun(College of Grass and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Xinjiang Urumqi 830052,China;Fukang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center,Xinjiang Fukang 831500,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]阜康市农业技术推广中心,新疆阜康831500

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第10期2294-2302,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项项目(2014FY110200A03);国家自然科学基金(41561019);土壤学自治区重点学科建设项目资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究土壤养分变化特征,对土壤养分管理、科学施肥、可持续农业发展有重要意义。【方法】本研究以阜康市为例,基于3个时期(1982、2010、2018年)的土壤养分调查数据,应用经典统计、地统计、地学信息图谱等方法,对比分析了有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾在不同时期的空间变异及等级变化特征。【结果】①研究区近40年土壤养分总体表现为有机质含量先减少后增加,碱解氮先增加后减少,有效磷、有效钾含量均呈增加趋势。②空间结构特征除有机质2010年具有强相关性外,其余养分各时期表现为中等强度相关,以随机性变异为主,结构性变异次之。③就等级变化而言,碱解氮养分等级较低主要集中在四级、五级,其它各养分处于中等或中等偏上水平。【结论】不同时期养分含量存在差异,阜康市各时期土壤养分除碱解氮表现为明显的缺乏外,有机质、有效磷、有效钾均达中等或中等以上水平。本研究为阜康市基本农田建设、养分管理提供科学依据。【Objective】Studying the characteristics of soil nutrient changes is of great significance for soil nutrient management,scientific fertilization,and sustainable agricultural development.【Method】This study takes Fukang city as an example.Based on the soil nutrient survey data of three periods(1982,2010,2018),using classical statistics,geostatistics,geoscience information maps,etc.,the organic matter,alkali nitrogen and effective nitrogen were compared and analyzed.The spatial variability and grade change characteristics of phosphorus and available potassium in different periods.【Result】(i)In the past 40 years,the soil nutrient content in the study area showed that the organic matter content decreased first and then increased,the alkali nitrogen increased first and then decreased,and the available phosphorus and available potassium content increased.(ii)Spatial structure characteristics in addition to the strong correlation of organic matter in 2010,the other nutrients showed moderate intensity correlation in each period,with random variation as the main factor and structural variation second.(iii)In terms of grade changes,the lower levels of alkaline nitrogen nutrient levels were mainly concentrated in grades 4 and 5,and the other nutrients were at medium or medium upper levels.【Conclusion】There were differences in nutrient contents in different periods.In addition to the obvious lack of alkali nitrogen in soil nutrients in various periods in Fukang city,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium reached medium or above levels.This study provides a scientific basis for the basic farmland construction and nutrient management in Fukang city.

关 键 词：养分 空间变异 等级变化 

分 类 号：S158.9[农业科学—土壤学]