法律经济学的新古典范式——理论框架与应用局限  

The Neoclassical Paradigm in Law and Economics:Theoretical Framework and Application Limitations

作　　者：艾佳慧[1] AI Jia-hui(Law School of Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,南京210023

出　　处：《现代法学》2020年第6期62-77,共16页Modern Law Science

摘　　要：法律经济学发展至今,需要对法律经济学的新古典范式进行整体性的梳理和反思。以新古典经济学为理论基础的法经济学包括六大理论构件,即一个理论前提(即理性的效用最大化)、四大理论(即单向度的成本—收益分析、法律威慑理论、社会成本最小化理论和模拟市场理论)和一个规范基础(即社会财富最大化或社会成本最小化)。但是,理性的效用最大化和社会成本最小化理论隐藏诸多未言明的理论前提和假设,法学研究中的应用必然有限;未考虑法律的“定分”作用,建立在单向度的成本—收益分析基础上的法律威慑理论不能完全解说法律功能;主张“模拟市场”的科斯第二定理其实是法经济学家基于新古典经济学方法论误读科斯定律后的一个理论创造,以自由市场为调校标准并要求立法和司法都模拟市场的财富最大化伦理注定不会成功。With the development of law and economics to present,it is necessary for us to rethink the neoclassical paradigm in law and economics based on market supremacy.The neoclassical paradigm of law and economics based on the neoclassical economics includes six theoretical parts:one theoretical hypothesis,that is the rational maximization of utility;four theories,including cost-benefit analysis,legal deterrence model,minimization of social cost and the theory of simulate market;and one ethics basis,that is the maximization of wealth or minimization of social cost.However,firstly,the theory of maximization of utility and minimization of social cost hides some unsettled theoretical preconditions,so the application in legal study is rather limited.Secondly,since ignoring the function of right definition,the theory of legal deterrence based on the dimensional view of cost-benefit analysis is defective.Lastly,Posner theorem is an theoretical innovation based on the misunderstanding of Coase theorem,so the ethics of maximization of wealth that require legislation and justice to simulate market does not bring success.

关 键 词：法律的经济分析 新古典范式 模拟市场 卡尔多—希克斯效率 

分 类 号：DF920.0[政治法律—国际法学]