电商平台经营者安保义务的规范解读与制度实现  

On the Interpretation and Realization of Duty of Care Obligations of E-Commerce Platform Operators

作　　者：林洹民 LIN Huan-min(School of Law,Zhejiang University,Zhejiang 310008,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,浙江310008

出　　处：《现代法学》2020年第6期195-209,共15页Modern Law Science

基　　金：2021年度浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“公私协力视角下的算法共治”(21NDQN206YB);中央高校基本科研业务费专项经费课题“系统论模型下商业自动决策算法的法律规制研究”(2020QN246)。

摘　　要：与《民法典》第1198条(《侵权责任法》第37条)规定的安全保障义务不同,《电子商务法》第38条第2款确立了电商平台经营者特有的安全保障义务。这一特殊的安全保障义务并非《电子商务法》明确列举的作为义务,而是旨在一般性地要求电商平台经营者尽最大努力保护消费者的生命健康权,保护其免受不明显的不法行为的危害。将电商平台经营者的安全保障义务解读为“最大努力义务”符合《电子商务法》第38条的规范目的,也有助于协调第38条第1款和第2款之间的关系。《电子商务法》第38条第1款和第2款非事后侵权和事前侵权之关系,实为“明显侵权”与“非明显侵权”以及“红旗标准”和“最大努力义务”的区别。在现行法解释下,“最大努力义务”意味着电商平台经营者应当在诉讼中承担次级举证义务。但更为理想的安排是由最高人民法院出台司法解释或指导性案例,确立举证责任倒置的诉讼规则,以此督促电商平台经营者履行最大努力义务。Unlike the obligation under Article 1198 of Civil Code(Article 37 of the Tort Liability Act),Article 38.2 of China’s E-Commerce Law has established a special duty of care obligations of e-commerce platform.This special obligation should not be interpreted as obligations expressly provided by E-Commerce Law.The duty of care obligation of e-commerce platform operators should be interpreted to make best efforts to protect consumers'lives,health and protect them from even less obvious predicted illegal acts.Such interpretation is in line with normative purpose of Article 38.2 of China’s E-Commerce Law and also helps to reconcile the relationship between Article 38.1 and Article 38.2.The relationship between Article 38.1 and Article 38.2 does not refer to the difference of ex post facto and prior torts,but to the distinction between obvious and non-obvious torts,red flag tests and best-effort making obligation.Under the interpretation of the current law,the best-effort making obligation leads logically to secondary obligation of burden of proof.More effectively,the Supreme People's Court could,by introducing judicial interpretation or guiding cases,establish the litigation rules of reversed burden of proof in order to urge e-commerce platforms operators to fulfill their obligation to prevent the danger from occurring.

关 键 词：电子商务平台 安全保障义务 生命健康权 红旗标准 最大努力义务 

分 类 号：DF920.0[政治法律—国际法学]