论擦音在中国语言中的类型及其主要来源  

On the Types and Primary Origins of Fricatives in Languages of China

作　　者：燕海雄 YAN Haixiong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《民族语文》2020年第5期86-94,共9页Minority Languages of China

摘　　要：擦音在中国境内语言音系中极为常见,但分布不均衡。大部分语言有4至8个擦音,南岛语的擦音最少,汉语次之,藏缅语最多。从调音部位看,齿龈擦音最多,其次是唇齿擦音、软腭擦音以及龈腭擦音等。擦音存在不同的历史层次,一部分是古音的保留,另一部分是在音系演化过程中逐渐新生的。新生擦音主要来自古塞音。Fricatives are highly common in languages spoken in China,but with an uneven distribution cross-linguistically.Most languages have 4 to 8 fricatives;specifically,the Austronesian languages have the fewest fricatives,next to Chinese,while the Tibeto-Burman languages are the biggest in the number of fricatives.From the perspective of places of articulation,alveolar fricatives are the biggest in number,followed by labio-dental fricatives,velar fricatives and alveolo-palatal fricatives.As to their historical origins,some fricatives are inherited from ancient languages;others are later innovations in the process of phonological evolution,and the new fricatives come mainly from the stops in ancient languages.

关 键 词：擦音 擦音化 类型 来源 

分 类 号：H004[语言文字—语言学]