苗瑶语擦音系统的类型学考察  

A Typological Study on the Fricative Systems of the Hmong-Mien Languages

作　　者：谭晓平 TAN Xiaoping

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院国际学院,常德415000

出　　处：《民族语文》2020年第5期95-103,共9页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“苗瑶语语音的类型学研究(16BMZ029)”的支持。

摘　　要：苗瑶语擦音音位数量在6-10个之间的语言较多,其平均数目为9.5个,两倍于平均数目为4.6个的普遍共性;出现频率较高的调音部位是齿/龈、喉、腭前、唇齿,调音部位数量沿着由北到南、从西往东的苗瑶语分布地理路线逐步递减;调音部位组合以4-5个为主,其中[唇齿+齿/龈+腭前+喉]的组合出现频率最高;擦音系统以清浊两分的格局为主;弛化擦音、送气擦音、先喉塞擦音、腭前擦音的高频出现是其显著类型特征。The Hmong-Mien languages,with fricatives varying from 6 to 10 in the consonant inventories of most languages,have 9.5 fricative phonemes on average,more than twice the universal average of 4.6 ones.The common places of articulation include dental/alveolar,glottal,prepalatal and labio-dental,and the number of places of articulation sees a gradual decrease from the north to the south and from the west to the east in geographical distribution of the Hmong-Mien languages.Phonological patterns with 4 to 5 places of articulation are the most common,wherein the combinatory pattern of[labio-dental+dental/alveolar+prepalatal+glottal]enjoys the highest frequency.The phonation types are mainly based on a dichotomy of voicelessness and voicedness.The frequent occurrence of fricatives with a slack voice,aspirated fricatives,preglottalized fricatives and the prepalatal fricatives is the distinctive typological feature of the fricative systems of the Hmong-Mien languages.

关 键 词：苗瑶语 擦音系统 擦音类型 擦音共性 

分 类 号：H003[语言文字—语言学]