2016-2018年安康市流行性感冒病原学监测分析  

Analysis of influenza pathogen surveillance in Ankang from 2016 to 2018

作　　者：杜冬冬[1] 刘斌[1] 史伟[2] 屈娅荣[1] 李湘平[1] 李海燕[1] 刘万静 原凌云[1] 焦欢[1] DU Dongdong;LIU Bin;SHI Wei;QU Yarong;LI Xiangping;LI Haiyan;LIU Wanjing;YUAN Lingyun;JIAO Huan(Ankang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shaanxi 725000,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]安康市疾病预防控制中心,陕西725000 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第11期1038-1041,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2020JM-700)。

摘　　要：目的分析安康市2016-2018年流行性感冒(简称流感)监测数据,了解流感流行情况,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法以2016-2018年安康市哨点医院流感样病例(influenza-like illness,ILI)为研究对象,采集咽拭子,利用Real-time PCR进行流感病毒核酸检测。结果2016-2018年共检测流感样病例咽拭子样本5774份,核酸阳性1113份,平均阳性率为19.28%。共报告流感样病例24761例,0~4岁组就诊比例(ILI%)最高(55.52%),60岁以上组ILI%最低(4.98%),各年龄组流感样病例分布差异有统计学意义(χ^2=625.207,P<0.05)。从核酸阳性分布来看,0~4岁组阳性占比最高(34.95%),60岁以上组占比最低(2.51%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=17.815,P<0.05)。结论安康市流感好发人群为学龄儿童,各年优势流行株不同,呈交替流行,流行末期被原优势毒株替代。应不断加强流感监测和健康教育宣传,建议易感人群接种流感疫苗,以防流感暴发。Objective To analyze the surveillance data of influenza in Ankang City from 2016 to 2018 and understand the epidemic situation,in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods The cases of influenza-like illness(ILI)were collected from sentinel hospitals in Ankang from 2016 to 2018.The samples of throat swab were collected from each patient.Real-time PCR was used to carry out the detection of influenza virus nucleic acid.Results From 2016 to 2018,5774 throat swabs were detected,1113 of which were nucleic acid positive and the average positive rate was 19.28%.A total of 24761 ILI cases were reported.The disease mainly distributed in people aged 0~4(55.52%),while rarely in patients aged over 60(4.98%).There were statistically significant differences in ILI case distribution of different age groups(χ^2=625.207,P<0.05).From the positive distribution of nucleic acid,the 0~4 years group made up the largest proportion(34.95%)and the group of patients aged over 60 formed the smallest proportion(2.51%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^2=17.815,P<0.05).Conclusion The influenza was mainly concentrated in school-age children in Ankang City.The dominant epidemic strains were different in different years,which were alternately prevalent and replaced by original epidemic strains at the end of prevalence.It is necessary to continuously strengthen the influenza surveillance and publicity of health education,and advise the susceptible people to have influenza vaccines in order to prevent the outbreak of influenza.

关 键 词：流感病毒 病原学 流行性感冒 流感样病例 流感疫苗 监测分析 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学]