上海市松江区21991名狂犬病暴露者的特征及处置现状分析  

Analysis of characteristic,the prevention and treatment of 21991 people with rabies exposure in Songjiang District,Shanghai

作　　者：安小力 戴珍娟 李瑞兰[1] 刘鸿翔[1] AN Xiaoli;DAI Zhenjuan;LI Ruilan;LIU Hongxiang(Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital,Shanghai201600,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市松江区中心医院,上海201600

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第11期1064-1068,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：上海市松江区科学技术攻关项目(2017sjkjqq36)。

摘　　要：目的通过回顾性分析狂犬病暴露者的资料信息,了解狂犬病暴露人群预防处置现状,为制定狂犬病防控措施提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析法对2018年上海市松江区两家定点接种医院收治的21991名狂犬病暴露者处置登记资料进行整理,应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析。结果21991名狂犬病暴露者中,男性10777人(49.01%)、女性11214人,平均年龄(35.25±2.37)岁。狂犬病暴露者的年龄以21~30岁为主(25.02%),导致狂犬病暴露的致伤动物主要为犬和猫;暴露时间以6~8月为主;致伤部位方面以手部最多(46.46%),其次为下肢和上肢;致伤原因以无故咬伤为主(51.42%),其次为嬉戏玩耍(36.91%)。狂犬病暴露后的处理时间以24小时内处理为主(53.49%);疫苗全程按时完成比例为83.40%。结论狂犬病暴露后及时处置率和疫苗全程接种率低,对于狂犬病预防应加强犬、猫的管理和免疫,同时加强狂犬病暴露后预防规范化处置。Objective To retrospectively analyze the data of patients with rabies exposure,and to understand the prevention and treatment status among those people in order to provide evidence for rabies control and prevention.Methods The retrospective analysis method was used to collate data of 21991 patients with rabies exposure and treated in two designated vaccination hospitals in Songjiang District of Shanghai in 2018.The SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Among the 21991 patients with rabies exposure,10777 were males(49.01%),and 11214 were females,with an average age of(35.25±2.37)years.Rabies was mainly concentrated on patients aged 21~30 years(25.02%),and dogs and cats were the two major animals that induced patients’rabies exposure.The exposure mainly occurred from June to August.The major wounded part was in hands(46.46%),followed by the lower limb and the upper limb.The wound was mainly caused by animal bite without reason(51.42%),followed by the play with animals(36.91%).Most of the patients(53.49%)were treated within 24 hours after rabies exposure.And 83.40%of patients finished the whole schedule vaccination.Conclusion The timely disposal rate and the whole schedule vaccination rate is low,so it is necessary to strengthen the management and immunity of dogs and cats,and enhance the prevention and standard treatment of rabies after its exposure.

关 键 词：狂犬病 暴露后预防处置 狂犬病疫苗 现状分析 预防 

分 类 号：R646[医药卫生—外科学]