施肥与混播比例对豆禾混播牧草生产性能的影响  

Effects of Fertilization and Mixed Sowing Ratio on the Production Performance of Grass-alfalfa Mixed Forage

作　　者：张永亮[1] 于铁峰 郝凤 程铭[2] ZHANG Yong-liang;YU Tie-feng;HAO Feng;CHENG Ming(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028042,China;Grassland Work Stations of Inner Mongolia Kezuohou Banner,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]内蒙古科左后旗草原工作站,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2020年第6期115-124,共10页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560673,31960352)。

摘　　要：以紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混播草地为对象研究氮磷钾组合与混播比例对牧草产量与品质的影响。结果表明,A2处理有利于苜蓿及禾草株高生长,全年禾豆总产量极显著高于其他处理(P<0.01)。A4和A3处理全年禾豆总产量显著或极显著高于A2之外的其他处理,而A3和A4间无显著差异。不同施肥处理模糊综合评价效果为A2>A4>A3>A1>A5>A6>A7。缺氮处理(A7)显著降低了禾草株高、禾草及禾豆总产量,缺磷(A6)和缺钾(A1)处理显著降低了苜蓿株高和产量。施肥与混播比例互作对1茬、2茬及全年苜蓿、禾草及禾豆产量影响极显著(P<0.01)。混播苜蓿与无芒雀麦粗蛋白质含量随着施氮量增加呈现增长趋势,ADF含量呈下降趋势。全年粗蛋白质产量A2和A4处理显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。豆禾2∶2间行混播禾豆总产量及粗蛋白质产量显著大于1:2混播。综合考虑牧草产量、品质和肥料利用效率,豆禾2∶2间行混播,氮磷钾组合为N140P100K120较适宜。The effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium combinations and mixed sowing ratio on yield and quality of forage were studied in alfalfa and smooth brome.The results showed that A2 treatment was more beneficial to the growth of alfalfa and grasses.The annual grass-legume total yield was extremely significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.01),and the total annual yield of the A4 or A3 was significantly or extremely significantly higher than other treatments except A2,but there was no significant difference between A3 and A4.The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation effect of different fertilization treatments was A2>A4>A3>A1>A5>A6>A7.The nitrogen deficiency treatment(A7)significantly reduced the plant height,the total yield of grass and grass-legume mixture,and the phosphorus deficiency(A6)and potassium deficiency(A1)treatment significantly reduce the plant height and yield of alfalfa.The interaction of fertilization and mixed sowing has significant effect on the yield of alfalfa,grass and alfalfa-grass mixture in first,second cutting and whole year(P<0.01).The crude protein content of alfalfa and Bromus under mixture treatment was increasing with the increase of nitrogen application,and ADF content decreased.The annual crude protein yield of the A2 and A4 treatments was significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05).The total yield and crude protein yield of legume-grass 2∶2 intercropping were significantly higher than that of 1∶2 intercropping.Considering the yield and quality of forage and fertilizer use efficiency comprehensively,the treatment of legume-grass mixture in a row of 2∶2 with the N140P100K120 combination was more suitable.

关 键 词：氮磷钾肥 豆禾混播 牧草产量 牧草品质 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]