国内法域外适用的冲突及应对——基于国际造法的国家本位解释  

Conflict of the Extraterritorial Application of Domestic Law and its Response——An Interpretation from the Perspective of State-Orientation in International Law Making

作　　者：曹亚伟[1] CAO Ya-wei(Law School,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第12期81-101,共21页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目《贸易摩擦背景下美国技术安全立法走向及我国应对策略研究》(19CFX081)。

摘　　要：经济全球化使得经济要素与经济活动在世界范围内深度融合,由此推动国内公法,尤其是经济规制法的域外适用,并最终引发冲突。国内法域外适用实质是一国主权权力与管辖权扩张并以其自身的管理秩序和价值评判规则主导国际事务处置权的行为,其与国际造法的博弈过程高度耦合,密切关联。习惯国际法的模糊性与滞后性是引发国内法域外适用扩张与冲突的诱因。通过国内法院建立的基于国家本位的国际礼让"自平衡机制"无法还原国际造法的博弈过程,最终成为域外适用过度扩张的工具。为应对冲突,受影响国家同样应当采用主权平等原则基础上的国家本位路径,依据相关国际实体法和程序法以及习惯国际法合理原则,针对不同类型的冲突予以针对性反制。为保障反制效果,应当构建包含国内法域外适用审查机制、协调机制和规范体系、反制工具体系与反制机制、救济机制在内的冲突应对体系。Economic globalization makes economic factors and economic activity deeply integrated worldwide,leading to an increasing extraterritorial application of domestic public law,especially in the field of economic regulation law,and finally resulting in conflicts among states.The essence of the extraterritorial application of domestic law is the expansion of a country’s sovereign power and jurisdiction and the dominance of its own administrative order and value judgment rules in the disposal of international affairs,which is highly coupled and closely related to the game process of international law making.The fuzziness and hysteresis of customary international law are the inducements leading to the expansion and conflicts of the extraterritorial application of domestic law.The self-balancing mechanism based on state-oriented international comity established by domestic courts cannot replace the game process of international law making,and eventually evolves into a tool for excessive expansion of extraterritorial application.The affected countries should also adopt the state-oriented path based on the principle of sovereign equality so as to take targeted countermeasures against various types of conflicts according to relevant international substantive law and procedural law as well as the reasonable principle of customary international law.In order to ensure the effectiveness of countermeasures,a conflict response system should be constructed,including a review mechanism,coordination mechanism and normative system for extraterritorial application of domestic law,combined with a countermeasures tool system,a countering mechanism and a relief mechanism.

关 键 词：国际造法 国家本位 域外适用 国际礼让 自平衡机制 

分 类 号：DF90[政治法律—国际法学]