国家征收权的美国法叙事及其启示  

The Narration of the Eminent Domain Power of the United States and its Enlightenment

作　　者：高鲁嘉 GAO Lu-jia(Law School,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学法学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《河北法学》2020年第12期102-119,共18页Hebei Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目《新时代中国特色土地管理法律制度完善研究》(18ZDA152)。

摘　　要：长期以来,围绕征收权性质的代表性理论学说主要有"保留权利理论""代表同意理论""内在权力理论"。在美国的征收语境中,基于联邦宪法中"征收条款"的规范表达,在早期偏重州权的二元联邦制下,除在联邦领地与华盛顿哥伦比亚特区内,联邦征收的开展实质为一种州权主导的合作征收模式。经历四年内战,美国宪制结构发生重大转变,联邦权力急剧扩张。在"科尔诉合众国"案中,联邦征收权被认为是一项联邦政府特有的无需列举但不可或缺的内在权力,完整独立的联邦征收权得以正式确立。在中国征收法律制度的发展与完善过程中,可适度借鉴美国经验,积极培育均衡适度的征收权力理念、努力建构科学合理的征收权力配置机制和有效增强征收制度实践的参与协商色彩。The representative theories on the nature of eminent domain power mainly include reserved rights theory,consent theory and inherent power theory.In the context of the condemnation of the United States,based on the normative expression of the takings clause in the federal constitution and the dual federalism that the states are very powerful,the essence of the federal condemnation is a model of cooperative condemnation which is in the control of the states except in federal territory and Washington,D.C.Since the four-year civil war,some great changes have taken place in the American constitutional system and the federal power has expanded dramatically.In Kohl v.United States,the federal eminent domain power is considered as an unnecessarily enumerated but indispensable inherent one which belongs to the federal government exclusively so that the complete and independent federal eminent domain power is formally established.To draw on the experience of the United States appropriately,in the process of the development and improvement of the Chinese condemnation legal system,we could cultivate balanced eminent domain power notion,construct a reasonable configuration mechanism of eminent domain power and enhance the participatory character of the condemnation practice.

关 键 词：联邦征收权 “征收条款” 合作征收模式 “科尔诉合众国”案 中国征收法律制度 

分 类 号：DF453[政治法律—经济法学]