防治苦瓜枯萎病的拮抗放线菌分离筛选及鉴定  

Isolation, screening and identification of anantagonistic actinomycetes to control Fusarium wilt of Momordica charantia

作　　者：李晓芳 田叶韩 彭海莹 何邦令 高克祥 LI Xiao-fang;TIAN Ye-han;PENG Hai-ying;HE Bang-ling;GAO Ke-xiang(College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第11期3869-3879,共11页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503110-12);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0207,2019JZZY010714);山东省重点研发计划项目(2018GNC111005)资助。

摘　　要：以苦瓜枯萎病菌为靶标菌,通过对峙培养试验和发酵滤液抑菌试验对分离自苦瓜根际土壤的放线菌进行筛选。候选菌株0250具有广谱抗真菌活性,根据培养特征、生理生化特性以及与同源性相近的菌株进行平均核苷酸一致性分析,被鉴定为Streptomyces rhizosphaericus,并评估了该菌株在温室和田间对苦瓜的促生长和防治枯萎病效果。结果表明:链霉菌菌株0250对苦瓜枯萎病菌的平板抑制率为69.2%,对17种植物病原真菌的平板抑制率达64.3%~85.6%;该菌株的菌悬液处理能促进盆栽和田间苦瓜植株根、茎生长发育,提升产量,对苦瓜枯萎病的防病效果分别为66.9%和61.5%。预先用菌株0250菌悬液处理土壤再接种病原菌,对土壤尖镰孢菌数量抑制率达62.1%,显著提高了苦瓜幼苗苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性以及根系活力。总之,菌株0250是一株对苦瓜枯萎病具有巨大生防潜力的放线菌资源。Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordica was used as the target pathogenic fungus to screen actinomycetes that were isolated from rhizosphere soil of Momordica charantia by confrontation culture and antifungal tests of fermentation filtrate. The candidate strain 0250 had broad antifungal activity. According to cultural characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, as well as average nucleotide identity analysis of the strains with similar homology, the strain 0250 was identified as Streptomyces rhizosphaericus. Its effects on growth promotion and control of bitter gourd wilt were evaluated in both greenhouse and field. The results showed that the plate inhibition percentage of S. rhizosphaericus strain 0250 against F. oxysporum f. sp. momordica was 69.2%, while the plate inhibition percentage against 17 plant pathogenic fungi reached 64.3%-85.6%. The suspension treatment of the strain could promote the growth and development of roots and stems and improve production of bitter gourd in pots and field. The control efficacy of Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd was 66.9% and 61.5%, respectively. When soils were treated with the strain 0250 suspension in advance and inoculated with the fungal pathogen, the inhibition percentage on the soil F. oxysporum reached 62.1%. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase as well as root activity were significantly improved in bitter gourd seedlings. In summary, strain 0250 is an actinomycetes resource with biocontrol potential to Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd.

关 键 词：苦瓜枯萎病 Streptomyces rhizosphaericus 生物防治 防病和促生作用 防御酶活性 

分 类 号：S436.429[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]