盐渍化对农田氮素转化过程的影响机制和增效调控途径  

Influencing mechanism of soil salinization on nitrogen transformation processes and efficiency improving methods for high efficient utilization of nitrogen in salinized farmland

作　　者：李红强 姚荣江[1] 杨劲松[1] 王相平[1] 郑复乐 陈强 谢文萍[1] 张新[1] LI Hong-qiang;YAO Rong-jiang;YANG Jing-song;WANG Xiang-ping;ZHENG Fu-le;CHEN Qiang;XIE Wen-ping;ZHANG Xin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Centre of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension of Hanggin Rear Banner,Shaanba 015400,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]杭锦后旗农牧业技术推广中心,内蒙古陕坝015400

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第11期3915-3924,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1906221,U1806215);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501300,2019YFD1002702);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-113);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2017337);内蒙古自治区第十批“草原英才”项目和巴彦淖尔市“河套英才”项目资助。

摘　　要：本文在回顾我国盐渍化农田氮肥利用现状的基础上,总结了盐渍化对农田土壤氮素转化关键过程的影响规律,剖析了其对参与氮素转化的微生物的作用机制,归纳了盐渍化农田氮素养分增效调控的主要途径。盐渍化对农田土壤氮素矿化、硝化和反硝化过程存在阈值效应,不同范围内影响差别较大。盐分以及次生障碍对相关微生物也具有不同的影响,且同样存在阈值效应。目前盐渍化农田氮素增效调控的途径主要包括土壤改良剂改良、生物质材料改良、种植耐盐植物、优化氮素形态配比和生物抑制剂改良,最后提出盐渍化农田氮素循环过程研究目前存在的不足以及未来的研究方向。本文对盐渍化农田氮素减损增效、化肥养分高效利用与农业面源污染阻控具有重要指导意义。Based upon the review of the status of nitrogen use efficiency in salinized farmland in China, we summarized the effect of salinization on key processes of nitrogen transformation in farmland soil, analyzed the microbial mechanism underlying nitrogen transformation, and summed up the main ways for high efficient utilization of nitrogen in salinized farmland. Salinization had thre-shold effects on mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification of nitrogen from farmland soil, with the influence varying greatly in different scopes. Salinity and secondary barriers had different effects on microorganisms, with threshold in their effects. The most widely used methods for nitrogen synergism regulation in salinized farmland include soil conditioner, biomass material, growing salt-tole-rant plants, optimizing the ratio of different nitrogen forms, and biological inhibitor. We proposed current research shortcomings and future research directions of nitrogen cycle processes in salinized farmland. This study was of great significance for reducing nitrogen loss, enhancing utilization of nutrient from fertilizers, and controlling agricultural non-point source pollution in salinized farmland.

关 键 词：盐渍化农田 氮素转化 硝化 土壤微生物 增效调控 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]