察哈尔蒙古族聚居区“海莫日”田野调查  

Field Investigation on "Hiimori" in Chakhar Mongols Inhabited Area

作　　者：樊永贞 Fan Yongzhen

机构地区：[1]察哈尔右翼后旗疾病预防控制中心,内蒙古白音查干012400

出　　处：《西部蒙古论坛》2020年第3期66-71,127,128,共8页Journal of the Western Mongolian Studies

摘　　要：在察哈尔蒙古族聚居区的牧民家中或寺院内,共收集到20多种海莫日。按制作方法,可分为民间模板手工油墨印制、民间印染作坊批量印制、民间彩绘木制毡制皮制、现代工艺制作批量彩印4种;按图案内容,可分为蒙古族海莫日、藏族龙达、蒙藏结合风马旗3种。海莫日是北方游牧民族古代萨满教的通天神马图,源自于萨满教的马崇拜,是蒙古人生活中普遍信奉、能代表人运气的一种具有宗教色彩的吉祥物,其形成和传承年代非常久远。最早的图案是一块蓝色绢布上画或绣有一匹昂首奔驰的白色骏马,其形状类似旗帜,是古代萨满巫师与长生天沟通的用具。后来逐渐以象征人的运气而被广泛用于民间,并在室内外悬挂、垂挂或祭祀时使用。More than 20 kinds of hiimori were collected from herdsmen’s homes or temples in Chakhar Mongolian inhabited areas. According to the production method,it can be divided into four types: folk template manual ink printing,folk printing and dyeing workshop batch printing,folk color painting wood felt leather system,modern craft production batch color printing;according to the pattern content,it can be divided into three kinds: Mongolian hiimori,Tibetan Longda,Mongolian Tibetan fengma banner. Hiimori is the ancient Shamanism god horse map of northern nomadic people. It originated from the horse worship of Shamanism.It is a kind of religious mascot widely believed in Mongolian life and can represent people’s luck. Its formation and inheritance are very long. The earliest design is a piece of blue silk cloth,painted or embroidered with a white horse galloping. Its shape is similar to a flag. It is a tool used by ancient shamans to communicate with the Heaven. Later,it was widely used to symbolize people’s luck,and it was used in indoor and outdoor hanging,hanging or sacrificing.

关 键 词：察哈尔 蒙古族 海莫日 田野调查 

分 类 号：K892.3[历史地理—民俗学]