西安市办公建筑多目标优化设计  

Multi-objective optimization design for office buildings in Xi’an

作　　者：田一辛 黄琼[1] TIAN Yixin;HUANG Qiong(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报》2020年第12期185-191,共7页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0700201);国家自然科学基金(51338006)。

摘　　要：为解决性能评价和形态设计脱节、负相关性能目标难以权衡优化的问题,采用整合性能模拟和遗传算法的方法优化西安市办公建筑设计.利用性能模拟实现建筑设计要素和建筑性能的统一,利用遗传算法实现多变量多目标的寻优,为方案决策提供数据支持.办公建筑性能优化设计框架遵循设计、模拟及评价、优化的逻辑搭建.制定应用于建筑形态、表皮和细部的性能优化设计,以朝向、面宽、窗墙比、遮阳方式、百叶宽度、百叶倾角等为变量,采用遗传算法实现以能耗和光性能为目标的建筑形态寻优.结果表明:以西安市某办公建筑为例,基于气候特征量化节能策略,被动太阳能得热的利用率最高;以建筑太阳辐射增益量为目标,形态寻优结果是办公楼南北向长轴布局、长宽比是1.4;建筑表皮设计以各朝向的窗墙比为变量,南向窗墙比为60%、其他朝向窗墙比是40%时,光热性能均优.进而优化外置遮阳百叶,寻优结果在建筑表皮优化的基础上,将总能耗降低3%、全年光暴露量降低36.5%、空间全天然采光时间百分比没有明显下降.The integrated performance simulation and genetic algorithm were adopted to optimize the design of office buildings in Xi’an,aiming at solving the problems of performance evaluation and dislocation of form design as well as the difficulty in weighing the negative correlation performance goal.Performance simulation was used to achieve the unification of architectural design elements and building performance,and genetic algorithms were applied to optimize multi-variable and multi-objectives to provide data support for program decision making.The performance optimization design framework for office buildings was established according to the logic of design,simulation,evaluation,and optimization.The performance optimization design applied to each link was formulated.Taking orientation,surface width,window-wall ratio,shading method,louver width,and louver inclination angle as variables,the individual buildings,surfaces,and details were optimized.A genetic algorithm was adopted to realize the optimization of building shape so as to improve energy consumption and light performance.A case study of an office building in Xi’an show that based on the climate characteristic quantitative energy-saving strategy,the utilization rate of passive solar energy was the highest.Taking the solar radiation gain of buildings as the target,the shape optimization result was that the long axis of the office building was in the northg-south direction and the length-width ratio was 1∶4.In the design of building surfaces,the window-wall ratios in different directions were taken as variables,the window-wall ratio in the south direction was 60%,and those in other directions were 40%.The time,light,and heat performance were excellent,so the external sunshade louvers were further optimized.Optimization results show that on the basis of the optimization of building surfaces,the total energy consumption was reduced by 3%,and the annual light exposure was reduced by 36.5%,while the percentage of all-natural lighting time in the space was not s

关 键 词：办公建筑 方案阶段 性能模拟 多目标优化 西安市 

分 类 号：TU119[建筑科学—建筑理论]