2018年江阴市学校水痘暴发疫情流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of varicella outbreak in Jiangyin schools in 2018

作　　者：汤玲[1] 王欣 修仕信[3] 顾敏华[1] 姚建香[1] 颜雅娟 TANG Ling;WANG Xin;XIU Shixin;GU Minhua;YAO Jianxiang;YAN Yajuan(Jiangyin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangsu 214431,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]江阴市疾病预防控制中心,江苏214431 [2]克拉玛依市克拉玛依区疾病预防控制中心 [3]无锡市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2020年第12期1183-1186,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：江阴市卫生健康委员会科研项目—水痘疾病负担分析及疫苗免疫策略评价(JUPH201845);江阴市卫生健康委员会科研项目—水痘暴发疫情的影响因素及疫苗保护效果评价研究(S201808);江南大学公共卫生研究中心2018年度科研项目—水痘的疾病负担及疫苗免疫的效益分析(JUPH201845)。

摘　　要：目的分析2018年江阴市学校水痘暴发疫情流行病学特征及突破病例情况,为制定水痘防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对全市学校水痘暴发疫情进行分析。结果2018年江阴市所有学校共报告水痘疫情28起,涉及病例394例,罹患率1.18%。4~6月和10~12月为全年疫情高峰。幼儿园罹患率最高,其次为小学,初中最低,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=33.30,P<0.01)。所有报告病例中突破病例占56.60%,突破病例发热率、轻度和中重度出疹率均低于原发病例,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.021、8.748,P<0.01)。结论目前水痘已成为学校等集体机构传染病暴发的主要原因之一,在加强水痘防病宣教工作的同时,应提高水痘疫苗的接种率,加强应急接种,从而有效降低水痘的发病率,减少暴发疫情的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella outbreak and break-through cases in Jiangyin schools in 2018,and to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies of varicella.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the varicella outbreak in schools of the whole city.Results A total of 28 cases of varicella were reported in all schools in Jiangyin in 2018,involving 394 cases,with an incidence rate of 1.18%.April to June and October to December were the peak seasons of the whole year.The incidence rate of kindergartens was the highest,followed by primary schools and middle schools.There were statistically significant differences(χ^2=33.30,P<0.001).Break-through cases accounted for 56.60%of all reported cases.The fever rate,mild and severe rash rate in break-through cases were lower than those in primary cases.The differences were statistically significant(χ^2=8.021,8.748,P<0.01).Conclusion At present,varicella has become one of the main causes of infectious disease outbreaks in schools and other collective institutions.While strengthening the work of varicella prevention and education,we should improve the vaccination rate and enhance emergency vaccination in order to effectively reduce the incidence rate and outbreaks of varicella.

关 键 词：水痘 学校 暴发疫情 突破病例 疫苗接种 流行病学特征 分析 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]