内燃机主轴承座侧向螺栓对主轴承动静态特性影响规律研究  

Effect of the side bolts on the dynamic and static characteristics of the internal combustion engine’s main bearing

作　　者：任培荣 左正兴[1] 程颖[1] 张忠伟 REN Pei-rong;ZUO Zheng-xing;CHENG Ying;ZHANG Zhong-wei(School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijng Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081;Chine North Engine Research Institute,Tianjin 300400)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学机械与车辆学院,北京100081 [2]中国北方发动机研究所,天津300400

出　　处：《机械设计》2020年第10期14-20,共7页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：车用动力基础科研创新计划项目(201820329076)。

摘　　要：利用模态缩减法建立曲轴机体柔性多体动力学模型,根据弹流润滑理论,微凸峰接触理论,考虑结构粗糙度和弹性变形,建立主轴承弹流润滑模型,研究主轴承座侧向螺栓及预紧力对曲轴振动及轴承润滑性能影响规律。搭建机体静力学模型,分析爆压时刻螺栓预紧力对变形特性影响规律。结果表明,无侧向螺栓时,轴颈受载方向位移较高,轴承载荷均匀度较好,润滑性能较优;但振动速度与加速度极高,振动性能恶化明显。有侧向螺栓时,随预紧力增加,润滑性能降低并逐渐平缓,振动特性则升高。爆发工况下,无侧向螺栓时,轴承失圆度与受载偏移量较高,变形特性较差;增加螺栓预紧力有助于提高轴承变形特性。因此,轴承侧向螺栓不可缺少;预紧力不可过低,同时无需过高,本模型35 k N左右较优。In this article,the crankshaft-block flexible multi-body dynamic model is worked out by means of the method of component mode synthesis.Based on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and the asperity contact model,the main bearing’s lubrication model is set up,with such factors as elastic deformation and surface roughness taken into account.Both the effect of side bolts and the preload on the crankshaft’s vibration characteristics and the bearing’s lubrication characteristics are explored.The effect of side bolts on the bearing’s deformation characteristics is analyzed based on the static model of the block.The results show that when there are no side bolts,the journal displacement increases significantly and the lubrication performance is desirable with load uniformity.However,the crankshaft,with a higher standard of velocity and acceleration,has poor vibration characteristics.When there are side bolts,with the ever-growing preload,the lubrication performance reduces and the vibration characteristics improve.Under the conditions of maximum gas pressure loading,the bearing’s out-of-roughness and offset of block is relatively high without side bolts.The growing preload of side bolts helps to improve the bearing static characteristics.Therefore,side bolts with a proper standard of preload are essential for the main bearing,and in terms of preload,35 k N is desirable in this model.

关 键 词：主轴承 侧向螺栓 预紧力 动态特性 静态特性 

分 类 号：TK403[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]