家兔“太溪”“水泉”“复溜”“交信”“筑宾”“阴谷”定位、取穴及比较解剖学研究  

Location,selection,and comparative anatomy of“Taixi”(KI3),“Shuiquan”(KI5),“Fuliu”(KI7),“Jiaoxin”(KI8),“Zhubin”(KI9),and“Yingu”(KI10)acupoints in rabbits

作　　者：任银美 徐照 张伦青[2] 吕方怡 俞冰洁 张泽东 龚爽娅 夏明霜 杨再仁 REN Yin-mei;XU Zhao;ZHANG Lun-qing;LüFang-yi;YU Bing-jie;ZHNAG Ze-dong;GONG Shuang-ya;Xia Ming-shuang;YANG Zai-ren(Laboratory of Morphology,Guizhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guiyang 550025,China;Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Macao,Macao 999078,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州中医药大学形态实验室,贵阳550025 [2]澳门大学健康科学学院,中国澳门999078

出　　处：《针刺研究》2020年第11期929-935,共7页Acupuncture Research

基　　金：贵州省科学技术项目(No.黔科合J字[2013]2065);贵阳中医学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目[No.贵中医大创合字(2016)22]。

摘　　要：目的:研究家兔"太溪""水泉""复溜""交信""筑宾""阴谷"的定位法、取穴法及穴区形态结构。方法:以人体腧穴定位WHO标准及国家标准为参考,以家兔解剖结构为基础,结合X线成像对10只新西兰兔进行定位,解剖穴区后比较定位区域家兔与人体同源同功组织,校正穴位定位。再麻醉10只家兔标记穴位,处死后进行血管灌注,解剖观测针灸针与周围组织结构的毗邻关系。结果:"太溪"定位在踝区,内踝尖与跟腱连线的中点;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、趾长屈肌腱。"水泉"定位在跟区,"太溪"直下,跟骨结节上端内侧凹陷中;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、跟骨。"复溜"定位在小腿内侧,内踝尖上2寸,跟腱的前缘;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、趾长屈肌腱。"交信"定位在小腿内侧,内踝尖上2寸,胫骨内侧缘后际凹陷中;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、趾长屈肌腱。"筑宾"定位在小腿内侧,内踝尖上5寸,"太溪"与"阴谷"连线上;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、半膜肌腱膜、趾浅屈肌、趾长屈肌。"阴谷"定位在膝内侧区,膝环线上,半腱肌肌腱后下缘;针刺层次为皮肤、浅筋膜、深筋膜、股薄肌腱膜、内收大肌、腓肠肌内侧头。结论:家兔后肢足少阴肾经与隐动脉及分支、隐静脉及属支、隐神经、胫神经及分支有密切关系,此为上述6个穴位的形态学基础。Objective To investigate the methods for locating and selecting the acupoints of"Taixi"(KI3),"Shuiquan"(KI5),"Fuliu"(KI7),"Jiaoxin"(KI8),"Zhubin"(KI9),and"Yingu"(KI10)and the morphological structure of these acupoints in rabbits.Methods According to the WHO and national standards for human acupoints and rabbit X-ray images,acupoint locations were marked using the anatomical landmarks on body surface in 10 New Zealand rabbits.The acupoints were dissected to compare the homologous and analogous tissue between rabbits and human body and thus correct the locations of these acupoints.Potentials were measured for the 10 New Zealand rabbits at the corrected locations of the acupoints and around the acupoints,and the final locations of these acupoints were determined by comparing the anatomical results and the data of potentials.Anatomical observation was performed after marking,and the relationship between acupuncture needle and adjacent structure was observed.Results"Taixi"was located in the ankle area,at the midpoint between the prominence of the medial malleolus and the calca-neal tendon;"Shuiquan"was located in the calcaneal area below"Taixi"in the depression anterior to the calcaneal tuberosity;"Fuliu"was located at the medial side of the calf,at 2 cun above the prominence of the medial malleolus anterior to the calcaneal tendon;"Jiaoxin"was located at the medial side of the calf,at 2 cun above the prominence of the medial malleolus and in the depression posterior to the medial border of the tibia;"Zhubin"was located at the medial side of the calf,at 5 cun above the medial malleolus on the line between"Taixi"and"Yingu";"Yingu"was located at the medial side of the knee,at the posterior-inferior border of the semitendinosus tendon on the popliteal crease.The results of skin potentials at the acupoints suggested that"Taixi","Shuiquan","Fuliu",and"Zhubin"were high-reliability acupoints,"Jiaoxin"was a medium-reliability acupoint,and"Yingu"was a low-reliability acupoint.Conclusion Comparative anatomy combined with imagin

关 键 词：穴位定位 比较解剖学 X线成像 家兔 

分 类 号：R245.2[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]