环境法典风险预防原则条款研究  

On the Provisions of Precautionary Principle in Environmental Code

作　　者：王小钢[1] WANG Xiaogang

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2020年第6期34-43,共10页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家治理现代化视域下的生态环境保护法律体系研究”(20ZDA089);吉林大学哲学社会科学重大课题培育项目“环保指标与地方政府政绩考核制度改革:环境法律制度设计的进路”(2014ZZ016)。

摘　　要：在欧盟环境法中至少可以观察到较弱、较强和最强三个版本的风险预防原则。我国《环境保护法》没有明文规定风险预防原则。从损害风险区分、环境风险规制和公民环境权利视角看,我国未来环境法典有必要确立风险预防原则条款。《瑞典环境法典》不仅在注意义务一般原则中规定了风险预防原则,而且在生产经营者具体义务条款中规定了采取风险预防措施的法律义务。《爱沙尼亚环境法典总则》不仅在环境保护的原则中明文规定了风险预防原则,而且在生产经营者一般义务条款中规定了采取风险预防措施的法律义务。我国未来环境法典可以在法律原则条款中确立一种更具包容性的风险预防原则,并且在生产经营者一般义务条款或具体义务条款中规定采取风险预防措施的法律义务。At least,the weaker,stronger and strongest versions of precautionary principle can be observed in EU environmental law."Environmental Protection Law"of China does not stipulate the precautionary principles.From the perspective of the distinction between damage and risk,environmental risk regulation and citizen’s environmental rights,it is necessary to establish the precautionary principle in China’s future environmental code."The Swedish Environmental Code"not only stipulates the precautionary principle in the general rules of consideration etc.,but also stipulates the legal duty to take precautionary measures in the specific duties of operators."The General Provisions of the Estonian Environmental Code"not only explicitly stipulates the precautionary principle in the principles of environmental protection,but also stipulates the legal duty to take precautionary measures in the general duties of operators.China’s future environmental code can establish a more inclusive precautionary principle in the basic legal principles,and stipulate the legal duty to take precautionary measures in the general duties or specific duties of operators.

关 键 词：环境法典 风险预防原则 环境风险 风险规制 风险预防措施 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]