青海省河流和湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤重金属的来源与风险评估  

Source and risk evaluation of heavy metals in surface sediments of rivers,lakes and their surrounding soils in Qinghai Province

作　　者：杨安 王小霞 邢文聪[1,2] 胡健 刘小龙[2] 李军[2] YANG An;WANG Xiaoxia;XING Wencong;HU Jian;LIU Xiaolong;LI Jun(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期44-53,共10页Journal of Tianjin Normal University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家重大研究计划资助项目(91644104);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41172315);天津市研究生科研创新项目(2019YJSS121);天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室开放基金资助项目.

摘　　要：为了解青海河流、湖泊沉积物及其周边土壤重金属的污染程度、生态风险、空间分布特征及污染来源,对青海河湖表层沉积物及其周边土壤中的As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、V、Zn、Al和Fe共16种重金属进行分析,并利用主成分分析-绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归(PCA-APCS-MLR)受体模型初步定量解析了重金属的潜在来源.描述性统计、污染指数和潜在生态风险指数分析表明,青海巴音河流域Hg和Mo以及格尔木河流域Mo污染程度较高,长江源区偶有As、Cd和Pb污染较高样点出现,并表现出一定的生态风险.在空间分布方面,Hg污染主要分布于尕海、巴音河上游、托素湖和可鲁克湖附近,Mo污染主要分布于尕海、可鲁克湖和格尔木附近.PCA-APCS-MLR分析表明,青海土壤重金属主要有自然、采矿和交通因素3个来源.除自然因素外,As(20.89%)和Sb(28.35%)还受采矿因素的影响,Ba(19.23%)还受交通因素的影响.Mo除受自然和交通因素影响外,还可能与含Mo油页岩有关.To understand the pollution characteristics,risks,spatial distribution and source of heavy metals in sediments of river-lake system in Qinghai,the total amounts of 16 heavy metals(As,Ba,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Hg,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Sb,V,Zn,Al and Fe)of the surface sediments of the rivers and lakes,and their surrounding soils in Qinghai were determined.The potential sources of heavy metals were preliminarily apportioned and identified by principal component analysis-absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(PCA-APCS-MLR)receptor model,that is,the contributions of natural,mining industry and traffic activities. Descriptive statistics,pollution index and potential ecological risk index show that the pollution degree of Hg,Mo in Bayin River basin and Mo in Golmud River basin in Qinghai are high,and the pollution degree of As,Cd and Pb in Yangtze River occasionally appear high,which show a certain ecological risks. Spatially,the study areas contaminated by Hg are mainly the Gahai Lake,the upstream of the Bayin River,Tuosu Lake,and Keluke Lake,while Mo pollutions are mainly observed in the Gahai Lake,the Keluke Lake,and the Golmud River. The results of PCA-APCS-MLR reveal that the three main sources of heavy metals in Qinghai soil are natural source,mining industry,and traffic activities.Besides natural source,as(20.89%)and Sb(28.35%)also originated from mining industry,while Ba(19.23%)is affected by traffic activities. Not only originated from nature source and traffic activities,Mo but also might be affected by the distribution of Mo-bearing oil shale.

关 键 词：青海地区 河流和湖泊 重金属 污染来源 生态风险指数 PCA-APCS-MLR受体模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]