长期种植对设施菜地土壤中重金属分布的影响及生态风险评估  被引量:7

Impact of long-term planting on heavy metal distribution in greenhouse soil and ecological risk assessment

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作  者:刘雅明 王祖伟 王子璐[3] 刘晚晴 LIU Yaming;WANG Zuwei;WANG Zilu;LIU Wanqing(School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences,Tianjin Normal University,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment,Tianjin 300387,China;Tianjin Tianbin Ruicheng Environmental Technology Engineering Limited Company,Tianjin 300110,China)

机构地区:[1]天津师范大学地理与环境科学学院,天津300387 [2]天津师范大学水资源与水环境重点实验室,天津300387 [3]天津天滨瑞成环境技术工程有限公司,天津300110

出  处:《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2020年第6期54-61,80,共9页Journal of Tianjin Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基  金:国家自然科学基金资助项目(40973078);天津市自然科学基金重点资助项目(18JCZDJC98000).

摘  要:为探究长期种植对设施菜地土壤中重金属分布的影响,以天津市武清区设施菜地土壤为研究对象,采集不同种植年限(4、10、12和16 a)及不同土层(0~20、20~40和40~60 cm)的土壤样品,分析设施菜地土壤中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb的分布特征.结果表明:研究区设施菜地表层土壤(0~20 cm)中重金属含量顺序为Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd,重金属的形态以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主.与露天菜地土壤相比,设施菜地表层土壤中Cu、Zn和Cd的含量较高,Cr、Ni、As和Pb的含量较低.与深层土壤相比(40~60 cm),Cu、Zn和Cd在表层土壤(0~20 cm)中明显富集,As、Pb、Cr和Ni的含量相对变化较小.随种植年限的增加,表层土壤中重金属含量整体呈“先上升后下降”的趋势.利用相关分析和主成分分析解析重金属来源,结果表明设施菜地土壤中Ni、As、Cr和Pb的来源为自然源,Cd、Zn和Cu的来源主要为人为源.运用Hakanson指数法对研究区土壤进行生态风险评估,结果表明,研究区综合潜在生态风险级别处于低等级,但Cd的生态风险级别相对较高,存在一定的生态风险,需引起关注.To explore the effects of long-term planting on the distribution of heavy metals in greenhouse soil,the heavy metals distribution characteristics of Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd and Pb in greenhouse soil were analyzed by selecting different planting years(4,10,12 and 16 a)and different depth(0-20,20-40 and 40-60 cm)of the greenhouse soil in Wuqing District of Tianjin.The results show that the concentrations of heavy metals in surface greenhouse soil(0-20 cm)decrease in the order of Zn>Cr>Ni>Cu>Pb>As>Cd,and the forms of heavy metals in the soil are dominated by residual fraction and Fe-Mn oxides bound fraction.The concentrations of Cu,Zn and Cd are higher while the concentrations of Cr,Ni,As and Pb in surface greenhouse soil are lower than those in the field soil,and Cu,Zn,and Cd enriched significantly in the surface greenhouse soil(0-20 cm)while the concentrations of As,Pb,Cr and Ni change slightly compared with that in deep soil(40-60 cm).The concentrations of heavy metals in the surface soil presents the“rise-decrease”changing mode with the increase of planting years.The sources of heavy metals were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis,the results show that Ni,As,Cr and Pb in the soil come mainly from natural sources,while Cd,Zn and Cu come mainly from man-made sources.The potential ecological risk of heavy metals except Cd which have relatively higher ecological risk and need to pay more attention in the soil of the study area is low using Hakanson potential ecological risk index.

关 键 词:长期种植 设施菜地土壤 土壤重金属 时空分布 生态风险评价 

分 类 号:P951[天文地球—自然地理学]

 

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