精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖收益的影响  

Effects of different concentrate supplementation levels on growth performance,blood markers,and economic return of yaks grazing in the warm season

作　　者：戴东文 王书祥 王迅[1,2,3] 杨英魁 柴沙驼 DAI Dongwen;WANG Shuxiang;WANG Xun;YANG Yingkui;CHAI Shatuo(Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences in Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Yak Engineering Technology Research Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省高原放牧家畜营养与饲料科学重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省牦牛工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第11期2359-2365,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0502301)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探讨精料补饲水平对暖季放牧牦牛生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖收益的影响,以期为青藏高原暖季放牧牦牛补饲提供理论依据。选取体重相近[(123.96±7.43)kg]、体况良好的公牦牛48头,随机分为4组(每组12头)。以放牧为对照组,3个补饲组分别补饲0.5、1.5和2.5 kg·d^-1精料。预试期10 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)补饲精料对暖季放牧牦牛平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)有显著影响(P<0.05),其中2.5 kg·d^-1补饲组平均日增重最高,比对照组增加了286.42%。2)与对照组相比,1.5和2.5 kg·d^-1补饲组显著提高了血清葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)的含量(P<0.05),而2.5 kg·d^-1补饲组血清尿素氮(urea nitrogen,UN)的含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)补饲组养殖效益高于对照组,其中2.5 kg·d^-1补饲组最好。综上所述,暖季补饲可提高放牧牦牛的日增重和养殖效益,在本研究条件下,综合各项指标来看,每天补饲2.5 kg精料较为适宜。We investigated the effects of different levels of concentrate supplementation on the growth performance,blood markers,and economic return of yaks grazing in the warm season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,aiming to provide a theoretical basis to guide the supplementary feeding of yaks.Forty-eight male yaks with good body condition and similar weight(123.96±7.43 kg)were randomly divided into four groups(n=12).The control group only grazed,while the three supplement groups received 0.5,1.5,and 2.5 kg·d^-1 of concentrate.The pre-test period was 10 days,and the formal experiment lasted 60 days.The supplementary feeding had a significant effect on the yaks’average daily gain(ADG)(P<0.05).The group receiving 2.5 kg·d^-1 of supplement had the highest ADG(286.42%higher than the control group).Compared to the control group,the 1.5 and 2.5 kg·d^-1 supplement groups had significantly higher glucose,total protein,and aspartate aminotransferase(P<0.05)levels;however,urea nitrogen levels were significantly reduced in the 2.5 kg·d^-1 supplement group(P<0.05).3)The supplement groups produced a greater economic return than did the control group,with that of the2.5 kg·d^-1 supplement group being the best.In conclusion,supplementary feeding increased the daily weight gain and economic return of yaks grazing in the warm season,with 2.5 kg of concentrate appearing to be the most appropriate amount to use in supplementary feeding.

关 键 词：放牧牦牛 精料补饲水平 生长性能 血清生化指标 养殖收益 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]