划区轮牧还是连续放牧?——基于中国北方干旱半干旱草地放牧试验的整合分析  

An integrated analysis of rotational grazing and continuous grazing experiments in arid and semi-arid grasslands in northern China

作　　者：张智起 姜明栋 冯天骄 ZHANG Zhiqi;JIANG Mingdong;FENG Tianjiao(College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083

出　　处：《草业科学》2020年第11期2366-2373,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41901021);博士后基金(2019M650002)。

摘　　要：合理的放牧制度对于有效利用草地资源具有重要意义,但关于划区轮牧在草原生态保护和牲畜生产方面是否优于连续放牧一直存在争议。通过收集中国北方干旱半干旱草地38个放牧试验的结果,采用整合分析方法对比划区轮牧和连续放牧对草原牧草产量、牧草质量和牧畜生产性能的影响,结果发现,划区轮牧更有利于草原生态保护和牲畜生产。进一步联系生产实践的分析发现,由于中国北方干旱半干旱草地过度放牧、生长季持续时间短、旱灾频发和轮牧成本相对较高等原因,划区轮牧制度很少为该地区牧民采用。据此,本研究建议在中国北方干旱半干旱草地合理推广并优化划区轮牧制度,具体措施应包括控制放牧压力、提高划区轮牧收益和因地、因时推广划区轮牧制度等。Practical grazing strategies are fundamental for effective utilization of rangeland resources,but it remains debatable whether rotational grazing is superior to continuous grazing in terms of livestock production and grassland environment.By synthesizing the experimental evidence from 38 sites in arid and semi-arid grasslands in northern China and using the integrated analysis method to compare the effects of rotational grazing and continuous grazing on herbage yield,forage quality,and livestock weight,we found that rotational grazing was indeed more preferable than continuous grazing.However,rotational grazing was not practiced by herders in the arid and semi-arid grasslands of northern China because of some major drawbacks,such as overgrazing,a short growing season,frequent drought,and the relatively high costs.In general,we suggest that rotational grazing be promoted and optimized and that feasible practices,including controlling the grazing pressure,improving the rotational grazing income,and promoting a rotational grazing system based on the location and time,be followed in the arid and semi-arid grasslands of northern China.

关 键 词：干旱半干旱草地 中国北方 划区轮牧 连续放牧 实验 整合分析 生产实践 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]