对苏联-俄罗斯对外经贸政策与体制变革的评析  

A Review of the Changes of Foreign Trade Policies and Systems in USSR-Russia

作　　者：陆南泉[1,2] LU Nanquan(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院荣誉学部,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院俄罗斯东欧中亚研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2020年第6期125-136,共12页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：在不同的历史阶段,苏联实行了不同的对外经贸政策与体制,但主要特点是一贯的:长期坚持实行对外贸易的国家垄断制,与社会主义国家的贸易一直占主导地位,进出口商品结构类同于发展中国家,对外贸易增长速度超过社会总产值的增长速度。随着向市场经济体制转型,俄罗斯对外经贸的重要性大大增强,对外经贸政策与体制发生重大的调整与变革,突出表现为:调整对外贸易地区结构,强化与欧盟的合作;进出口商品结构变化不大,出口更加原材料化;采取各种政策融入世界经济体系;取消国家对外贸的垄断,实行全面开放;强化东移亚太战略;推进独联体地区经济一体化。从苏联、俄罗斯对外经贸政策与体制变革的历史进程可以看到,一个国家要发展经济、提高竞争能力,就必须实行改革和开放。In different historical stages,there were different foreign trade policies and systems in the USSR.But the main features persisted:long-term insistence of state monopoly over foreign trade,consistent predominance of trade with socialist countries,similar commodity composition of import and export as that of developing countries,and the surpass of foreign trade increasing rate over that of gross social product.With Russia’s transition toward market economy,the importance of foreign trade significantly increased.The major adjustments and reforms in Russian foreign trade policies and system are as follows:regional adjustment of foreign trade partners,cooperation with the European Union strengthened;minor changes in commodity composition of import and export,further inclination of export on raw materials;various policies employed to integrate into the world economic system;removal of state monopoly over foreign trade,application of overall opening up;strengthening of the eastbound Asian-Pacific strategy;promotion of the regional economic integration in the Commonwealth of the Independent States.The process of historical changes of foreign trade policies and systems in USSR-Russia indicates that in order to develop economically and increase competitiveness,a country must reform and open up.

关 键 词：苏联 俄罗斯 对外经贸政策 对外经贸体制 

分 类 号：F151.2[经济管理—世界经济] F755.12