黄河三角洲盐渍化农田不同轮作方式对土壤理化性质和小麦产量的影响  

Effects of Different Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Chemical and Physical Characteristics and Wheat Yield in Salinity Croplands of the Yellow River Delta

作　　者：刘盛林[1,2] 孙泽强 董晓霞[1,2] 王学君 杨光[1] Liu Shenglin;Sun Zeqiang;Dong Xiaoxia;Wang Xuejun;Yang Guang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Shandong),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100 [2]农业农村部山东耕地保育农业科学观测实验站,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第11期60-64,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503121-06);山东省大科学计划项目(优势特色主导产业发展专项)(20190103);国家自然科学基金委员会山东联合基金项目(U1806215);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2018E03)。

摘　　要：本试验设置4种不同轮作方式(小麦-玉米、小麦-田菁、小麦+牛粪堆肥+5‰菌剂和小麦-玉米+改良剂)处理,研究其对黄河三角洲盐渍化农田土壤养分有效性和小麦产量的影响。结果表明,轮作措施显著影响盐渍化农田土壤理化性质和小麦产量。与其它轮作方式相比,玉米季牛粪堆肥处理能够显著提高表层土壤有机碳、有效磷和速效钾等养分含量,并提高土壤大颗粒团聚体分布比例,显著提高小麦产量;玉米季种植田菁能够有效提高根层土壤氮素有效性,对其它土壤养分有效性和小麦产量均无显著提升作用;小麦种植前施用改良剂对土壤养分有效性和小麦产量均无显著正效应。种植田菁和施用改良剂均不利于大颗粒团聚体的形成,不利于土壤理化性质的提升。综合来看,玉米季牛粪堆肥处理提高小麦产量和提升土壤理化性质效果最佳。本研究为两年试验数据,随试验年限延长,其效果可能会发生变化,因此盐渍化农田轮作方式对土壤理化性质和小麦产量的影响尚需进一步研究。In order to research the effects of different crop rotation systems on soil nutrient availability and wheat yield in salinity croplands in the Yellow River Delta,4 rotation systems were set as wheat cultivated after maize,wheat cultivated after sesbania,wheat cultivated after cow compost with microbial inoculums and wheat cultivated after maize with ameliorant.The results showed that wheat yield and soil chemical and physical characteristics significantly changed in different rotation systems in salinity croplands.Compared with other rotation systems,wheat cultivated after cow compost with microbial inoculums could significantly increase wheat yield by improving the concentration of soil organic carbon,available phosphorus and available potassium in topsoil and increasing the ratio of large particles of soil aggregate.The nitrogen availability in root layer soil could be effectively improved with wheat cultivated after sesbania,but no significant improvement was found in other nutrient availability and wheat yield.Applying ameliorant before wheat cultivation had no significantly positive effect on soil nutrient availability and wheat yield.Planting sesbania and applying ameliorant were not benefit to the formation of large particles of soil aggregate and the improvement of soil chemical and physical characteristics.In a word,wheat cultivated after cow compost was the best in increasing wheat yield and improving soil chemical and physical characteristics.However,these results were concluded based on only 2-year data,and the effects would change with the increase of experiment years,so more researches would be necessary for exploring the effects of rotation systems on wheat yield and soil chemical and physical characteristics in salinity croplands.

关 键 词：盐渍化农田 轮作方式 牛粪 改良剂 土壤氧分有效性 小麦产量 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S152.106.1[农业科学—农艺学]