鲁西南褐土土壤容重对冬小麦生长发育及养分吸收的影响  

Effect of Cinnamon Soil Bulk Density on Growth,Development and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat in Southwest of Shandong Province

作　　者：孙泽强[1] 韩成卫[2] 孔晓民[2] 杨光[1] 刘盛林[1] 石宁 王学君[1] Sun Zeqiang;Han Chengwei;Kong Xiaomin;Yang Guang;Liu Shenglin;Shi Ning;Wang Xuejun(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation(Shandong),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250100,China;Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jining Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Corn Industry Technology System,Jining 272031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部山东耕地保育科学观测实验站,山东济南250100 [2]济宁市农业科学研究院/国家玉米产业技术体系济宁综合试验站,山东济宁272031

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第11期69-74,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503117);山东省大科学计划(优势特色主导产业发展专项)(20190103);国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0200701);NSFC-山东联合基金项目(U1806215);山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2017CXGC0301)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验方法,以原状土壤不打破犁底层为对照(CK),设置土壤容重1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6g/cm^3共5个水平处理,研究山东省褐土不同土壤容重对冬小麦生长发育及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:随着土壤容重增加,冬小麦株高、植株干物质量、籽粒产量、地上部养分吸收量均呈现先增后减的趋势,土壤容重1.4g/cm^3时达到最高值,增至1.5g/cm^3和1.6g/cm^3时生长发育受到明显抑制,且容重越大降幅越显著。与对照相比,土壤容重1.6g/cm^3处理的株高、植株干物质量、籽粒产量和籽粒养分吸收量分别降低11.55%、13.61%、37.86%和39.46%。处理间的产量差异主要是由穗粒数变化所致,容重1.5、1.6g/cm^3处理的穗粒数比对照分别下降27.37%和36.79%。原状土结构紧实,下层土壤容重过大严重制约冬小麦产量提高,与CK相比,容重1.2、1.3、1.4g/cm^3处理分别增产12.85%、21.49%、31.01%。通过深松等耕作技术打破犁底层,降低20~40cm深层土壤容重,促进植株生长和后期干物质积累,是冬小麦增产的重要途径。A study on the growth and development and nutrient uptake of Jimai 22 in the soil with different bulk density was conducted using pot test.Six treatments were set as undisturbed soil without breaking the plough layer(CK)and the soil with bulk density at 1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 and 1.6 g/cm^3 respectively.The results showed that plant height,dry matter,grain yield and nutrient uptake of wheat increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of soil bulk density.The value of these indicators reached the highest at 1.4 g/cm^3,but the growth and development of winter wheat were obviously inhibited at 1.5 and 1.6 g/cm^3 and decreased more with the increase of bulk density.Compared to CK,the plant height,dry matter,grain yield and nutrient uptake of grains at 1.6 g/cm^3 decreased by 11.55%,13.61%,37.86%and 39.46%,respectively.The yield difference between treatments was mainly caused by kernel number per spike.The kernel number per spike under 1.5 and 1.6 g/cm^3 treatments decreased by 27.37%and 36.79%compared with CK.The tight structure of CK soil with higher bulk density restricted the improvement of winter wheat yield.The grain yield under 1.2,1.3 and 1.4 g/cm^3 treatments increased by 12.85%,21.49%and 31.01%compared to CK.Breaking plough layer by subsoiling to decrease the soil bulk density in 20~40-cm layer could promote wheat growth and dry matter accumulation at later growth stages,which was an important way to increase yield of winter wheat.

关 键 词：褐土 土壤容重 冬小麦 生长发育 产量 养分吸收 鲁西南 

分 类 号：S152.110.61[农业科学—土壤学] S155.23[农业科学—农业基础科学]