椴树花期长白山中华蜜蜂生产性能及生物学特性分析  

Production Performance and Biological Characteristics of Changbaishan Chinese Bee During the Blooming Periods of Tilia

作　　者：刘楠楠[1] 王新明[1] 李杰銮[1] 何金明 LIU Nan-nan;WANG Xin-ming;LI Jie-luan;HE Jin-ming(Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province,Jilin 132108,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省养蜂科学研究所,吉林省吉林市132108

出　　处：《特产研究》2020年第6期5-9,共5页Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金吉林省基础研究专项(202002060JC);吉林省科技资源开放共享服务平台与科研条件保障项目(20191004021TC);吉林省地方标准项目(DBXM050-2020)。

摘　　要：为了科学评价和有效保护长白山中华蜜蜂种质资源,试验选取吉林省养蜂科学研究所国家级中蜂保护区的纯种长白山中华蜜蜂,在吉林省敦化市大石头镇观察和测定其在椴树花期的生物学特性和生产性能。结果表明,椴树花期蜂群的采蜜力随流蜜期的到来呈逐步上升趋势,在流蜜盛期达到峰值,后期呈逐步下降趋势,各时间段采蜜力差异显著(P<0.05);蜂群产育力与采蜜力的变化规律一致,各时间段有效日产卵量差异不显著(P>0.05),卵虫、蛹和蜂的数量则差异显著(P<0.05);蜂群群势增长率在流蜜盛期达到峰值,后期的群势增长率下降,在流蜜结束时呈现负增长,且各时间段的群势增长率差异显著(P<0.05);在分蜂高峰期,分蜂发生率达到25%;椴树花期阶段的蜂群采蜜力与环境温度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),群势增长率与环境温度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。说明长白山中华蜜蜂在椴树花期具有较强的采集能力和良好的环境适应性。In order to evaluate and protect the germplasm resources of Changbaishan Chinese bee,we selected pure honeybees from the national Chinese bee reserve to observe and measure its biological characteristics and production performance during the blooming periods of Tilia in Dunhua.The results showed that the honeybee nectar collecting ability was increased gradually with the coming of nectar flowing period,and reached the peak at the florescence stage,and decreased gradually in the late stage,there were significant differences in nectar collection ability between different time periods(P<0.05);the changes of colony fecundity and nectar collecting ability were consistent,the daily fecundity of different time periods of colony was no significantly different(P>0.05),but the number of eggs,larva,pupae and honeybee was significantly different(P<0.05);the colony development rate reached the peak in the florescence stage,then decreased in the late stage,and showed negative growth at the end of nectar flow;there were significant differences among different time stages(P<0.05);during the swarming period,the swarming rate was 25%;there was a very significant negative correlation between nectar collecting ability and environmental temperature(P<0.01),and a significant negative correlation between colony development rate and environmental temperature(P<0.05).It can be concluded that the Changbaishan Chinese bee has strong collecting ability and good environmental adaptability during the blooming periods of Tilia.

关 键 词：长白山中华蜜蜂 椴树花期 生产性能 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S891[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]