中国锂矿地球化学背景与空间分布:远景区预测  

Geochemical Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Lithium in China:Implications for Potential Prospects

作　　者：王学求[1,2] 刘汉粮[1,2] 王玮[1,2] 周建[1,2] 张必敏[1,2] 徐善法[1,2] WANG Xue-qiu;LIU Han-liang;WANG Wei;ZHOU Jian;ZHANG Bi-min;XU Shan-fa(Key Laboratory of Geochemical Exploration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang,Hebei 065000;UNESCO International Centre on Global-scale Geochemistry,Langfang,Hebei 065000)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部地球化学探测重点实验室,中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000 [2]联合国教科文组织全球尺度地球化学国际研究中心,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《地球学报》2020年第6期797-806,共10页Acta Geoscientica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“穿透性地球化学勘查技术”(编号:2016YFC0600600);国家专项“深部探测技术与实验研究”(编号:SinoProbe-04);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20190451)联合资助。

摘　　要：由于锂在新能源领域的大量需求和不可替代性,锂矿成为关键资源调查和研究的热点。本文以全国采集的12118件岩石样品和3394个汇水域沉积物样品数据为基础,首次提供了中国锂地球化学背景和时空分布数据,在此基础上划分了全国19个锂矿远景区。根据全国4101件岩浆岩,6209件沉积岩,1808件变质岩样品数据得出如下结论:全国岩石锂平均含量为29.22×10^-6,侵入岩25.22×10^-6,火山岩22.92×10^-6,沉积岩为31.45×10^-6,变质岩为32.30×10^-6;在侵入岩中锂含量从酸性到中性、基性、超基性岩由高到低依次降低,侵入岩中加里东期、喜马拉雅期、印支期和燕山期锂含量明显高于其它其次;沉积地层中泥质岩类锂含量最高,平均含量达50×10^-6,是地壳克拉克值的4倍;地层中锂含量由高到低依次为:三叠系,石炭系、寒武系、白垩系、侏罗系、志留系、奥陶系、元古宇、二叠系、古近系和新近系、太古宇。依据全国汇水域沉积物地球化学数据,共圈出31个地球化学异常,归为19个锂地球化学省,分为4种类型:花岗伟晶岩和花岗岩有关的锂地球化学异常,盐湖与地下卤水型锂地球化学异常,泥质岩类有关的锂地球化学异常,次生风化黏土有关的锂地球化学异常,其中全国多处新发现的地球化学异常,特别是与泥质岩类有关和干旱盆地有关的锂异常,对锂矿找矿具有重要指导意义。Geological surveys and studies are widely focused on lithium resources due to the demand of new energy.This paper provides an insight into national-scale geochemical concentration abundances and anomalous distribution of lithium based on data of a total of 12118 rock samples(4101 igneous,6209 sedimentary,1808 metamorphic rocks)and 3394 catchment sediment samples.It is concluded that average concentration values are 29.22×10^-6 in all types of rocks,25.22×10^-6 in intrusive rocks,22.92×10^-6 in volcanic rocks,31.45×10^-6 in sedimentary rocks,and 32.30×10^-6 in metamorphic rocks,respectively,and that the concentrations in magmatic rocks decrease from acid to ultrabasic rocks and from Caledonian,Himalayan,Yanshanian to Proterozoic and Archaeozoic.A total of 31 geochemical anomalies were delineated,which are related to 4 types of lithium deposits:granitic pegmatite and magmatic,salt lake brines and underground brines,argillaceous rocks,and secondary weathering clays(bauxite).The new findings of anomalies,particularly related to argillaceous rocks and desert basin,may be potential areas for new sedimentary-type lithium deposits.

关 键 词：锂 地球化学背景 远景区预测 中国地球化学基准计划 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] P632.1[天文地球—地质学]