《民法典》合同编内在体系的变迁  

Changes of the Internal System of Contract Part of Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：谢鸿飞[1] XIE Hong-fei(Institute of Law,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所,北京100720

出　　处：《山西大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期16-25,共10页Journal of Shanxi University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：《民法典》合同编的内在体系与《民法通则》《合同法》以及司法解释等存在较为明显的变化。它扩大了缔约方式,许可当事人约定合同成立的条件和时间,限制了国家订货合同的范围,从合同领域内部和外部两方面拓展了契约自由的领域,但又通过增设法定义务限制了契约自由;它通过强制要约和强制承诺规则、格式条款的成立控制和内容控制规则、保护特定合同中的交易角色等规则维护合同双方的实质平等,分配当事人之间因不确定性形成的风险等,强化了契约正义理念;它将无权处分中的买卖合同作为有效合同,规定不可抗力可适用情势变更的弹性法律效力等,进一步彰显了鼓励交易的理念。在契约自由和鼓励交易发生冲突时,《民法典》坚持契约自由优先,不许可当事人因合同成立时的特定瑕疵而变更合同内容,且未纳入司法解释淡化合同要素的规则。There are obvious changes in the internal system of Contract Part of Chinese Civil Code compared with General Principles of the Civil Law,Contract Law as well as judicial interpretations. Firstly,it expands the scope of the freedom of contract from the inside and outside of the contract field by expanding the way of contracting,allowing the parties to agree on the time of the establishment of the contract,as well as limiting the scope of the national order contract. Secondly,it maintains the substantial equality of contract parties through mandatory offer and mandatory acceptance rules,and it also regulates the content control of format contract. By distributing the costs caused by the uncertainty between parties in the contract,it strengthens the concept of contractual justice. Thirdly,this part also stipulates about the sales contract without the right to dispose,the force majeure of certain circumstances,the flexibility of legal effect and so on. When there turns out to be a conflict between the freedom of contract and the encouragement of transactions,the Civil Code insists on the priority of the freedom of contract,so changes in the case of revocation of the contract are not allowed,and the rules of judicial interpretation to dilute the elements of the formation of the contract are not included.

关 键 词：内在体系 契约自由 契约正义 鼓励交易 关系合同 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]