“卢梭悖论”与马克思的平等观  

“Rousseau’s Paradox”and Marxian View on Equality

作　　者：臧峰宇[1] 彭利 ZANG Feng-yu;PENG Li(School of Philosophy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学哲学院,北京100872

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2020年第6期5-11,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“马克思的平等观与法国启蒙思想的关系研究”(19XNH127)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：卢梭在道德和政治的双重语境中指出社会不平等的根源在于私有制,既认为私有观念的产生发展造成了道德堕落,应当回归自然,又强调私有制是构建市民社会的基础,因而形成了“卢梭悖论”。在克罗伊茨纳赫时期,马克思开始摘录卢梭的《社会契约论》,完成了《克罗伊茨纳赫笔记》中的“卢梭笔记”。随着对市民社会和资本逻辑的深入研究,马克思在政治经济学批判中为平等的实现提供了一种现实路径,他的政治哲学并非指向基于卢梭设想的“政治共同体”,而是基于生产方式的变革和现实的解放运动,旨在结束交往异化的人类前史,在真正的历史中实现社会平等和人的全面发展。From the dual context of morality and politics,Rousseau pointed out that the root of social inequality lies in private ownership,and he holds that the development of the conception of private ownership caused moral degeneration,and people should return to nature.At the same time,he stressed that private ownership was the foundation for constructing the civil society,thus forming the“Rousseau’s paradox”.When Marx was in Kreuznach,he began to extract from Rousseau’s The Social Contract,and completed the part of 44 Rousseau's notebookM in Kreuznach Notebooks.Along with the in-depth study of civil society and the capital logic,Marx provides a realistic path to the realization of the equality by the critique of political economy.His political philosophy is not pointed to Rousseau’s“body politic”,but on the transformation of the mode of production and realistic liberation movement,which aims at ending the human prehistory of the alienation of communication,and to achieve social equality and all-round human development in the real history.

关 键 词：平等观 卢梭笔记 法国启蒙运动 卢梭悖论 克罗伊茨纳赫笔记 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]