膨胀阻燃聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料的制备及其阻燃性能研究  

Preparation and Flame Retardant Properties of Intumescent Flame Retardant PLA/Starch Composites

作　　者：邵娜 路丹 倪金平 汤兆宾[1] SHAO Na;LU Dan;NI Jin-ping;TANG Zhao-bin(Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,China;Nano Science and Technology Institute,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;ZheJiang Shiny New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Wenzhou 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,浙江宁波315201 [2]中国科学技术大学纳米科学技术学院,安徽合肥230026 [3]浙江新力新材料股份有限公司,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《塑料工业》2020年第11期40-45,65,共7页China Plastics Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0309300)。

摘　　要：利用多聚磷酸铵(APP)作为酸源,马来酸酐接枝淀粉(MA-g-St)作为碳源,并结合环氧大豆油基含磷增塑剂(DE)对聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料进行阻燃改性。重点研究了不同组分对聚乳酸材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,APP、MA-g-St和DE三者之间通过协同作用能够明显提高聚乳酸复合材料的热稳定性以及阻燃性能,并且在热降解过程中能够形成致密的炭层,释放不可燃气体,起到气相阻燃的作用。另外,通过提高DE中的含磷量能够明显改善复合材料的阻燃性能,当PLA、MA-g-St、APP和DE-2/3的质量分数分别为80%、10%、2.5%和7.5%时,所得的聚乳酸/淀粉复合材料均能够通过UL94的V0级别,极限氧指数(LOI)分别达到31.1%和31.3%。A series of intumescent flame retardant poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/starch composites were prepared with ammonium polyphosphate(APP)as the acid source,maleic anhydride grafted starch(MA-g-St)as the carbon source and soybean oil-based phosphorus-containing plasticizer(DE).The effects of different contents of various components on the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PLA composites were studied.The results show that APP,MA-g-St and DE synergistically improve the thermal stability and flame retardant performance of PLA/Starch composites,and could form a dense carbon layer during thermal degradation.It could release non-combustible gas and play the role of gas phase flame retardant.In addition,the flame retardant performance of the composites are significantly improved by increasing the phosphorus contents in DE.When the contents of PLA,MA-g-St,APP and DE-2/3 are 80%,10%,2.5%and 7.5%,the prepared PLA composites could reach V-0 grade of UL 94 and the limit oxygen index(LOI)could be improved to 31.1%and 31.3%,respectively.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 膨胀阻燃 马来酸酐接枝淀粉 环氧大豆油基含磷增塑剂 

分 类 号：TQ323.41[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]