乌鲁木齐和成都两地机场雷暴降水水汽条件的分析研究  

Analysis of Water Vapor Variation and Transformation During the Two Airport Thunderstorms in Urumqi and Chengdu

作　　者：许皓琳 郑佳锋 姜涛 黎倩 曾正茂 张杰 朱克云 XU Haolin;ZHENG Jiafeng;JIANG Tao;LI Qian;ZENG Zhengmao;ZHANG Jie;ZHU Keyun(Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,School of Atmospheric Sciences,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225;Key Laboratory of Transportation Meteorology of CMA,Nanjing 210008;Infantry Division of Heilongjiang Army Reserve,Mudanjiang 157011;Lanzhou Central Meteorological Centre,Lanzhou 730020;Fujian Meteorological Information Centre,Fuzhou 360001)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学大气科学学院,高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室,成都610225 [2]中国气象局交通气象重点开放实验室,南京210008 [3]黑龙江陆军预备役步兵师,牡丹江157011 [4]兰州中心气象台,兰州730020 [5]福建省气象局气象信息中心,福州360001

出　　处：《气象》2020年第11期1440-1449,共10页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41705008);江苏省气象科学研究所北极阁基金项目(BJG201901);成都信息工程大学人才引进项目(KYTZ201724)共同资助。

摘　　要：地基微波辐射计高时间分辨率的水汽密度、积分水汽含量和液态水路径等资料在强对流降水预警预报和研究中具有重要应用潜力和价值。利用这些资料研究了乌鲁木齐和成都两地机场的两次雷暴降水前后不同阶段的水汽分布、水汽演变和汽-液转化等:乌鲁木齐“7·4”雷暴过程中,在水汽输送和垂直运动的作用下,低层水汽密度在降水前显著升高,于降水后迅速恢复。成都“7·15”雷暴降水前,整层水汽经历了先增加后减小的演变过程,水汽积累过程中,最大增量达4.99 g·m-3;水汽转化过程中,整层水汽迅速减小,其中水汽密度在云层高度上减小量更大。云中水汽含量(IWVc)对降水起止的指示效果优于积分水汽含量和液态水路径。乌鲁木齐“7·4”降水前,IWVc分别增大1.8倍和2.2倍,降水结束后,IWVc迅速减小;成都“7·15”降水前,IWVc分别增大1.3倍和1.5倍,强降水期间,云中水汽增长的速度低于水汽转化速度。此外,IWVc的增减对两地降水强度也有较好指示。乌鲁木齐“7·4”稳定性降水中:IWVc增加时,地面降水强度随之增大,且云中水汽的增量越大,地面降水强度越大;IWVc减小时段,降水量均低于0.01 mm。成都“7·15”阵性降水中:IWVc的积累提前于地面降水的发生,IWVc累积得越多,之后地面降水越强。后期逐渐转为稳定性降水时,IWVc和地面降水又恢复到同增减的关系,IWVc增减量的减小也预示了降水的减弱和结束。The high-temporal-resolution water vapor density,integral water vapor content(V)and liquid water path(L)measured by ground-based microwave radiometer have important application potential and value in the prediction and research of severe convective precipitation.The paper uses these data to study the water vapor distribution,evolution and vapor-liquid conversion in different stages before and after the two thunderstorms that happened in Urumqi and Chengdu airports,respectively.During the July 4 thunderstorm in Urumqi,under the action of water vapor transport and vertical motion,the low-level water vapor density significantly increased before precipitation and recovered rapidly after precipitation.Before the July 15 thunderstorm precipitation in Chengdu,the whole-layer water vapor experienced the evolution process of increasing first and then decreasing.During the process of water vapor accumulation,the maximum increment was 4.99 g·m-3.During the process of water vapor conversion,the whole-layer water vapor decreased rapidly,of which the water vapor density decreased more significantly at the height of clouds.The cloud water vapor content(IWVc)inversion in the text is better than V and L in indicating the onset and end of precipitation.Before the Urumqi July 4 precipitation,IWVc increased by 1.8 times and 2.2 times,respectively.After the end of precipitation,IWVc decreased rapidly.Before the precipita-tion in Chengdu on July 15,IWVc increased by 1.3 times and 1.5 times,respectively.During the severe precipitation,the growth rate of water vapor in the cloud was lower than that of water vapor conversion.In addition,the increase or decrease of IWVc can also be good indicators for the precipitation intensity of the two thunderstorm processes.For the stable precipitation of the Urumqi July 4 thunderstorm,as the IWVc increased,the surface precipitation intensity increased.Moreover,the greater the increment of water vapor in clouds,the higher the surface precipitation intensity.In the period when the IWVc decreased,the

关 键 词：微波辐射计 雷暴降水 液态水 云中水汽含量 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]