重庆市水稻生产的经济效益分析与发展建议  

Analysis of Economic Benefits and Proposals for Development of Rice Production in Chongqing

作　　者：姚雄[1] 杜梦露 张巫军[1] 段秀建 唐荣莉[1] 唐永群[1] 李经勇[1] YAO Xiong;DU Meng-lu;ZHANG Wu-jun;DUAN Xiu-jian;TANG Rong-li;TANG Yong-qun;LI Jing-yong(Chongqing Academ,of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329

出　　处：《杂交水稻》2020年第6期1-8,共8页Hybrid Rice

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目(2017-XY-28);重庆市农业科学院青年创新团队项目(NKY-2019QC10)。

摘　　要：基于2006-2018年重庆市的农业统计数据,总结分析了重庆市水稻生产的播种面积、单位面积产量、稻谷总产量、水稻产值、生产成本和效益等变化动态,并与长江经济带的8个省(市)进行了优势比较分析。结果表明,2006-2018年间重庆市水稻产能相对稳定,但比较优势不强。2018年重庆市水稻的主产品产值和总产值分别仅为1.98万元/hm2和2.04万元/hm2,均未达到长江经济带8个省(市)的平均水平。重庆市的水稻生产总成本逐年增长,水稻生产效益年际间变化较大,2011年高达4 662.3元/hm2,2014年低至-736.5元/hm2。2018年重庆市的水稻生产效益为1 530.9元/hm2,较长江经济带8个省(市)平均水平低165.3元/hm2。为了稳定重庆的水稻产能,确保粮食供给安全,建议开展水稻生产功能区宜机化整治,提升机械化规模化水平;强化水稻绿色科技的创新与应用,增加水稻生产综合效益;优化水稻绿色发展惠农支农政策,创建绿色高档大米品牌。Based on the agricultural statistics of Chongqing from 2006 to 2018, the changes of rice production in the aspects of planting area, yield per unit area, total production, output value, production cost and benefits in Chongqing were summarized and analyzed, and the comparison was conducted among eight provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that the rice production capacity in Chongqing was relatively stable from 2006 to 2018, but there was not a comparative advantage. In 2018, the output value of main product and total output value of rice in Chongqing were only 19 800 and 20 400 Yuan/hm2, respectively, both of which failed to reach the average level of eight provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The total cost of rice production in Chongqing increased year by year, and the annual benefits of rice production varied greatly from year to year, reaching as high as 4 662.3 Yuan/hm2 in 2011 and as low as-736.5 Yuan/hm2 in 2014. In 2018, the rice production benefits in Chongqing was 1 530.9 Yuan/hm2, 165.3 Yuan/hm2 lower than the average level of eight provinces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In order to stabilize the rice production capacity and ensure the security of food supply in Chongqing in the future, it is suggested to carry out the mechanization renovation in rice production functional areas, improve the large-scale level of mechanization, strengthen the innovation and application of rice green technologies, increase the comprehensive benefits of rice production, optimize the policies for benefiting and supporting farmers in rice green development and create brands of high-grade green rice.

关 键 词：水稻 重庆 产值 成本 效益 发展建议 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S-1