反思科学抽象法:解构与重建——《导言》和《资本论》商品章结构形成机理及机制转换研究  

Reflection on Scientific Abstraction:Deconstruction and Reconstruction—Study on Mechanism of Structure Formation and Mechanism Transformation of“Preface”and the Commodity Chapter of“Das Kapital”

作　　者：许光伟[1] Xu Guangwei

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学习近平经济思想研究院

出　　处：《海派经济学》2020年第1期151-171,共21页Journal of Economics of Shanghai School

基　　金：湖北省社会科学基金重点项目“当代中国生产方式内在矛盾及其社会作用研究”(HBSK2019ZD035)的阶段性研究成果,。

摘　　要：唯物辩证法的两个因素是唯物主义和辩证法,它们是彼此"互看"与互换"角色"含义的有机统一。以之为尺度,"政治经济学方法"的完整概念即是"体现在政治经济学领域内的唯物辩证法(工作规定)"。政治经济学领域内唯物辩证法的总形式或总道路是:始源规定的唯物主义(辩证法)→行动主义(辩证法)→辩证唯物主义(辩证法)→历史唯物主义(辩证法),它决定我们在理解和运用科学抽象法上必须摒除逻辑公式主义和解释学循环。具体而言:(1)坚持从"《导言》的革命"看政治经济学的方法特质性规定-政治经济学批判;(2)《导言》既探讨辩证法,也探究唯物主义,从而《资本论》商品章必须视为从其内生出来的"结构";(3)这样,科学抽象法不应当和唯物主义历史路径的寻求有关,从而在"社会发展理论"层面,它要被"解构";(4)相反,植根于批判规定的"社会机制理论"层面必然是科学抽象法的自身活动范围,而这又意味着一个命题:必须以"发生学"为内容规定,以"科学抽象法"为形式规定。时代重建的科学抽象法将完成对教科书版本的科学抽象法的工作走出,并且,这一方法论实践活动始终和政治经济学领域内"唯物辩证法"建设活动(如知识表达的工作寻求)内在关联,这就需要我们从中发掘更多的中华本土元素。The two elements of materialist dialectics are materialism and dialectics.They are the organic unity of"mutual seeing"and"exchanging roles".On this scale,the complete concept of"political economic method"is"materialist dialectics(work regulations)embodied in the field of political e-conomy".The general form or road of materialist dialectics in the field of political economy is:real materialist regulations(dialectics)→activism(di-alectics)→dialectical materialism(dialectics)→historical materialism(di-alectics).It determines that we must get rid of logical formulism and her-meneutic cycle in understanding and using scientific abstraction.To be spe-cific:(1)Adhere to the special provisions of methods of political economy from the perspective of"the revolution of the preface"critique of political economy;(2)The preface explores both dialectics and materialism,so the commodity chapter of Das Kapital must be regarded as the"structure"born from it;(3)In this way,scientific abstraction should not be related to the historical path of materialism,so it should be"deconstructed"at the level of"social development theory";(4)On the contrary,the theory of social mech-anism,which is rooted in the critical provisions,is bound to be the scope of scientific abstraction's own activities,which means a proposition:it must be stipulated with the content of"genesis"and the form of"scientific abstrac-tion".Scientific abstraction of times reconstruction will complete the step out of the textbook version of scientific abstraction.Moreover,this practice of methodology has always been intrinsically related to the construction of"materialist dialectics"in the field of political economy(such as the search for knowledge expression),which requires us to explore more local elements of China.

关 键 词：《资本论》科学抽象法 政治经济学批判 唯物辩证法 发生学 解释学 历史 逻辑 

分 类 号：A811.1[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]