空间中子探测器能量响应仿真分析及验证  

Simulation analysis and verification of energy response of space neutron detector

作　　者：文轩[1] 安恒[1] 杨生胜[1] 王鷁[1] 常思远 高欣[1] 王俊[1] 张晨光[1] 冯展祖[1] WEN Xuan;AN Heng;YANG Shengsheng;WANG Yi;CHANG Siyuan;GAO Xin;WANG Jun;ZHANG Chenguang;FENG Zhanzu(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,National Key Laboratory of Materials Behavior and Evaluation Technology in Space Environment,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所,真空技术与物理重点实验室,空间环境材料行为及评价技术国防科技重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《核技术》2020年第12期49-57,共9页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：空间环境材料行为及评价技术国防科技重点实验室资助。

摘　　要：空间中子会对在轨航天器的电子系统造成损伤,并可能对执行任务宇航员的生命安全造成严重威胁。准确分析空间的中子环境特性,是保障航天器抗辐射加固设计合理和宇航员生命安全的前提。基于Fluka软件利用蒙特卡罗的方法模拟、分析、设计了基于塑料闪烁体的复合结构中子探测器,从探头尺寸、结构位置、探测效率、反符合结构等方面进行了仿真分析,确定了探测器的0.5 mm、3 mm梯度复合结构,并利用14~25 MeV的单能中子进行了试验验证。结果表明:设计的探测器可用于空间站舱内中子环境以及近地空间中子探测,能够为后续的工程载荷设计提供理论和技术支持。[Background]Space neutrons can cause damage to the electronic systems of orbiting spacecraft and may pose a serious threat to the lives of astronauts on mission.[Purpose]This study aims to accurately analyze the characteristics of the space neutron environment to ensure the reasonable design of spacecraft's anti-radiation reinforcement and the safety of astronauts.[Methods]Monte Carlo method based Fluka software was employed to simulate,analyze and design a composite structure neutron detector based on plastic scintillator.Simulation analysis from the aspects of probe size,structure position,detection efficiency,anti-coincidence structure,etc.,was performed to determine the 0.5 mm,3 mm gradient composite structure of the detector by using 14~25 MeV single energy neutrons for experimental verification.[Results]The simulation and experimental results show that the designed detector can be used for space station cabin neutron environment and near-Earth space neutron detection.[Conclusions]This study provides theoretical and technical support for subsequent engineering load design.

关 键 词：高能中子 空间站 深空探测 探测器设计与分析 

分 类 号：O571.6[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]