商港向生产性城市的转型 从上海工业用地规划与工业建筑建设讨论(1945-1960年)  

Transformation from Commercial Port to Industrial City On the Industrial Land-use Planning and Industrial Building Construction in Shanghai(1945-1960)

作　　者：李凌洲 彭怒[1] 张俊杰 LI Lingzhou;PENG Nu;ZHANG Junjie

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]华建集团华东建筑设计总院

出　　处：《时代建筑》2020年第6期160-167,共8页Time + Architecture

摘　　要：随着1949年政权更迭,上海从综合性商港城市逐渐转变为以工业建设为主导的生产型城市。若从1949年前后上海的工业用地规划、工业区建设和工业建筑的设计建造三个具体层面展开研究,能够有效揭示这一时期上海的城市转型。文章首先梳理大上海都市计划的工业用地规划构想,并比对20世纪50年代的三次城市规划,探寻上海工业用地在规划层面的变迁;其次,基于各类地方志、产业志与工业企业建设档案中的50年代工业建设资料,力图呈现这一时期规划引导下的工业区建设状况;随后,通过实地调查与档案图纸查阅,从工业建筑总平面布局、结构、形式等角度,揭示从自发建设到统筹建设模式转变中,工业建筑设计与建造的变化。文章最后指出:社会主义政治经济制度的建立以及国家工业化战略对上海的定位,彻底改变了上海的城市建设,既导致了1953—1957年上海在轻工业向重工业的转型中实现工业区位的空间调整,也促成了1958年后大规模的工业用地扩张和郊区工业区、工业卫星城的建设,推动上海向生产性城市的转型。上海的城市空间结构也从以原租界为核心的单中心转变为以工业区为核心的多中心结构;工业建筑多采用苏联标准和规范、总平面分区明确,大量建造的超大跨度巨型厂房成为这一时期上海重工业建设的标志性形象。With the change of regime in 1949,Shanghai gradually transformed from a comprehensive commercial port city to an industrial city.If the study departs from three concrete aspects:the industrial land-use planning in Shanghai,the development of industrial districts,and the design and construction of industrial buildings around 1949,it can effectively reveal the urban transformation of Shanghai during this period.This article first sorts out the planning conception of industrial land in the Greater Shanghai Plan and compares it with the three urban plans in the 1950s to explore the changes in the industrial lands in Shanghai at the planning level.Secondly,based on the archival materials on the industrial development during the 1950s,the article tries to present the conditions of the development of the industrial districts under the planning guidance of this period.Thirdly,through fieldwork and the review of archival drawings,based on the general layouts,structures and forms of industrial architecture,it reveals the changes in the design and construction of industrial architecture through the shifting mode from spontaneous development to planned development.The article finally points out that the establishment of socialist political and economic system and the positioning of Shanghai by the national industrialization strategy have completely changed the urban development in Shanghai,which in turn led to the spatial reformation of the industrial location in Shanghai during the transition from light industry to heavy industry in 1953-1957.It also contributes to the large-scale expansion of industrial land and development of suburban industrial areas and industrial satellite towns after 1958 and prompts the transformation of Shanghai into an industrial city.The urban spatial structure of Shanghai also changed from a mono-center structure with the original concession as the core to a poly-center structure with the industrial centers as the co re.The adoption of the Soviet standards and norms in industrial buildings,the cl

关 键 词：上海城市转型 工业用地规划 工业建设 工业建筑设计与建造 商港 生产性城市 大上海都市计划 超大跨度巨型厂房 

分 类 号：TU27(251)[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU984.13(251)