花发育阶段以及温度对不同品种甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响  

Effect of Flower Phenology and Temperature on Stigma Receptivity in Sweet Cherries

作　　者：纠松涛 徐岩 付朝斌 刘勋菊 王世平[1] 张才喜[1] JIU Songtao;XU Yan;FU Chaobin;LIU Xunju;WANG Shiping;ZHANG Caixi(School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240.)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2020年第10期1698-1705,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：农业部948项目(2013-Z23);中国博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20180199);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201300);中国博士后科学基金(2018M642028)。

摘　　要：以‘布鲁克斯’、‘美早’、‘红蜜’等5个甜樱桃(Prunus avium)品种为试材,检测不同品种甜樱桃花期不同发育阶段的柱头可授性;并利用人工气候箱模拟花期低温(2℃/10℃)、常温(6℃/18℃)、高温(12℃/24℃)以及超高温(12℃/24℃/30℃)环境,研究不同温度处理对甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响。结果表明:(1)‘美早’、‘先锋’和‘萨米脱’适宜的授粉温度是常温(6℃/18℃)环境,‘红蜜’适宜的授粉温度是高温(12℃/24℃)环境,‘布鲁克斯’适宜授粉的温度范围更广,在常温(6℃/18℃)和高温(12℃/24℃)环境条件下其柱头均具有较高的活性。(2)‘红蜜’柱头对花期低温(2℃/10℃)和超高温(12℃/24℃/30℃)的抗性较强;‘布鲁克斯’和‘萨米脱’柱头对花期超高温(12℃/24℃/30℃)抗性较差;‘美早’柱头对花期低温(6℃/10℃)的抗性较强,但对花期高温(12℃/24℃)的抗性较差;‘先锋’柱头对花期低温(6℃/10℃)和超高温(12℃/24℃/30℃)均无明显抗性。研究认为,低温(2℃/10℃)对甜樱桃柱头可授性的影响主要在开花之后,而超高温(12℃/24℃/30℃)对整个开花过程柱头可授性的影响都很大。In this study,five sweet cherry(Prunus avium)varieties,including‘Brooks’,‘Tieton’,‘Hongmi’,were used as plant materials to detect the stigma receptivity of sweet cherry at different stages of flower development.Additionally,we simulated low temperature(2℃/10℃),normal temperature(6℃/18℃),high temperature(12℃/24℃)and ultra-high temperature(12℃/24℃/30℃)using the artificial climate box to check the influence of temperature treatment on stigma receptivity in different sweet cherry varieties.The results show that:(1)‘Tieton’,‘Van’and‘Summit’are suitable for pollination under simulated normal temperature(6℃/18℃),while‘Hongmi’is suitable for pollination under simulated high temperature(12℃/24℃).In comparison,‘Brooks’showed a broad range of suitable pollination temperatures,having high activity of stigma at normal temperature(6℃/18℃)and high temperature(12℃/24℃).(2)‘Hongmi’has strong resistance to simulated low temperature(2℃/10℃)and ultra-high temperature(12℃/24℃/30℃);while‘Brooks’and‘Summit’have poor resistance to ultra-high temperature(12℃/24℃/30℃).‘Tieton’has strong resistance to simulated low temperature(6℃/10℃),whereas it has poor resistance to simulated high temperature(12℃/24℃).‘Van’has no obvious resistance to simulated low temperature(6℃/10℃)and ultra-high temperature(12℃/24℃/30℃).Low temperature(2℃/10℃)mainly affects the stigma receptivity of sweet cherry after flowering,while ultra-high temperature(12℃/24℃/30℃)has a great influence on the stigma receptivity during the whole flowering process.

关 键 词：甜樱桃 柱头可授性 过氧化物酶活性 温度 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] Q945.6