中国地热发电产业前景探讨  

Discussion on Prospects of Geothermal Power Generation Industry in China

作　　者：郑克棪[1] 郑帆 Zheng Keyan;Zheng Fan(Geothermal Council of China Energy Society,Beijing 100081;China Ground Source Heat Pump Association,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]中国能源研究会地热专业委员会,北京100081 [2]中国地源热泵产业联盟,北京100020

出　　处：《中外能源》2020年第11期17-23,共7页Sino-Global Energy

摘　　要：中国地热发电正处在一个十分关键的十字路口,2020年是我国"十三五"规划收官之年,而地热发电指标仅完成了3.6%。上世纪70年代我国地热发电曾经的辉煌,由于战略决策上一时的理念之差导致发展步伐停滞了30年,从而与国际领先水平形成巨大差距。与地热发电产业相对应,我国地热直接利用和地源热泵产业发展迅猛,双双排名世界第一,究其原因,主要就是丰厚的回报吸引了络绎不绝的投资。与享受国家优惠政策补贴而高速发展的风电和光伏就更不能相提并论了。中国地热发电的根本问题出在政策上,包括没有地热电价补贴、上网电价过低以及面临征收地热资源税等。这些障碍也并非不可克服,我国需要制订和实施专门的《地热法》,对地热发电实施上网电价补贴,废除目前对地热可再生能源的征税,如此才能使中国地热发电走出困境。The geothermal power generation in China is now at a critical crossroads. In 2020, the closing year of the 13th Five-Year Plan,only 3.6% of the geothermal power generation targets have been met.China’s geothermal power generation was once brilliant in the 1970s,but its development has stagnated for 30 years due to the temporary difference in the concept of strategic decision-making,thus forming a huge gap with the international leading level.On the contrary,China’ s geothermal direct utilization and ground source heat pump industries have developed rapidly,both ranking the first in the world.The main reason is that great returns have attracted continuous investment.China’s geothermal power generation industry is even less comparable to wind power and PV,which enjoy preferential policies from the government and develop rapidly.The fundamental problems of China’s geothermal power generation lie in policies,including the absence of subsidies for geothermal electricity prices,excessively low feed-in tariffs and the imposition of geothermal resource taxes.These obstacles are not insurmountable.China needs to formulate and implement a special Geothermal Law,implement feed-in tariff subsidies for geothermal power generation,and abolish the current taxation on geothermal renewable energy,so as to get China’s geothermal power generation out of the predicament.

关 键 词：地热发电 发展停滞 政策 上网电价补贴 资源税 

分 类 号：F426.61[经济管理—产业经济]