单瓣榆叶梅开花生物学性状的观察与研究  

Observation and Research on Flowering Biological Characters of Amygdalus triloba Ricker.f.normalis Rehd.

作　　者：王建国 包颖 WANG Jianguo;BAO Ying(Jilin Xianghai National Level Natural Conservation Area Administration,Baicheng 137215,China;Jilin Provincial Forestry Technology Popularizing Station,Changchun 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林向海国家级自然保护区管理局,吉林白城137215 [2]吉林省林业技术推广站,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《吉林林业科技》2020年第6期12-15,共4页Journal of Jilin Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：以单瓣榆叶梅为观测材料,对其开花生物学性状进行比较研究。结果表明:在长春市2016年春季温度条件下,在108株大样本中,单株花期最短的为6 d,最长的植株为19 d,其余从7~15 d不等,株间花期时间差异极显著,主要是遗传因素起决定作用;不同开花天数的株数呈正态曲线分布。小花单花花期4~5 d,花径3.1~4.3 cm,着生方式为对生、互生、簇生。花色有粉红、粉、粉白、白粉4种颜色,所占百分比分别为11.1%、61.1%、22.2%和5.6%。2016—2020年,群体花期分别为19 d、21 d、16 d、19 d、19 d,平均为18.8 d。历年开花前、花期、花期结束时≥10℃平均有效积温分别为131.8℃、184.8℃、316.4℃。当有效积温达到105℃时,开始有花朵开放;当有效积温相对较高时,会明显导致花期缩短。有效积温是开花生物学性状表现的主要限制因子。A comparative study on the flowering biological characters of Amygdalus triloba Ricker.f.normalis Rehd.was carried out.The results showed that in the spring temperature of Changchun city in 2016,among 108 large samples,the shortest flowering period of a single plant was 6 d,the longest was 19 d,and the rest ranged from 7 to 15 d,the difference in flowering time between plants was very significant,mainly due to the decisive role of genetic factors.The number of plants with different flowering days showed a normal curve distribution.The floret period of single flowers was 4 to 5 days,the flower diameter was 3.1 to 4.3 cm,and the growth pattern was opposite,alternate and clustered.There were 4 colors of pink and red,pink,pink and white and white pink,the percentages were 11.1%,61.1%,22.2%and 5.6%respectively.From 2016 to 2020,the population flowering period was 19 d,21 d,16 d,19 d and 19 d respectively,with an average of 18.8 d.The average effective accumulated temperature of≥10℃before,during and after flowering over the years were 131.8℃,184.8℃and 316.4℃respectively.When the effective accumulated temperature reached 105℃,flowers began to bloom.When the effective accumulated temperature was relatively high,the flowering period would be shortened obviously.Effective accumulated temperature was the main limiting factor of flowering biological characters.

关 键 词：单瓣榆叶梅 开花生物学性状 有效积温 

分 类 号：S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]