双孢蘑菇培养料木质纤维素利用及相关酶活性变化的研究  

Study on lignocellulose utilization and related enzyme activity changes during composting of Agaricus bisporus substrates

作　　者：杨亚茹 张国庆 陈青君 蔡盼盼 王清辉 杨世丽 YANG Yaru;ZHANG Guoqing;CHEN Qingjun;CAI Panpan;WANG Qinghui;YANG Shili(College of Plant Science and Technology/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China;Xingchunhe Agricultural Co.,Ltd,Chengde 068250,China;Vegetable Station of Xingtai,Xingtai 054000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院植物科学技术学院/农业应用新技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206 [2]承德兴春和农业股份有限公司,承德068250 [3]邢台市蔬菜站,邢台054000

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2021年第1期53-60,共8页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC05-2020);北京市科技计划项目(Z181100009818007)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究双孢蘑菇培养料理化性质、木质纤维素降解与其相关酶活性变化,为双孢蘑菇工厂化栽培建立科学的指标评价体系奠定理论基础。【方法】对3批次工厂化栽培的双孢蘑菇从堆肥到出菇的理化参数和木质纤维素及相关降解酶活性进行测定,并统计每批次产量。【结果】3批次培养料理化性状指标均在适宜范围。建堆时,培养料中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素相对含量分别为23.19%、19.64%和16.12%;二次发酵结束时,三者相对含量分别为15.73%、10.93%和22.96%;双孢蘑菇出菇结束时,三者相对含量分别为8.37%、4.27%和18.98%。表明堆肥时期微生物和双孢蘑菇均优先利用纤维素和半纤维素,而对木质素的利用率相对较低。堆肥时期纤维素降解酶活性平稳,第1潮菇时急速升高,以后逐渐下降,其中羧甲基纤维素酶的活性(11.02~149.52 U/g)远高于α-纤维二糖酶活性(0.37~13.30 U/g),是降解纤维素的主要酶类。3种半纤维素降解酶在堆肥时期呈波动式变化,在第1潮菇时活性达到最高,其中木聚糖酶的活性(58.65~176.25 U/g)高于木糖苷酶活性(0.55~5.07 U/g)和α-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶的活性(2.29~39.60 U/g),是分解半纤维素的主要酶类。漆酶在堆肥时期几乎没有活性,菌丝长满时活性急剧升高至14.57 U/g,并保持至原基形成。第3批次的各种酶活性、生物转化率明显高于第1批次和第2批次。【结论】3批次双孢蘑菇培养料的理化指标及酶活性变化趋势一致。在堆肥时期和出菇时期,优先利用半纤维素和纤维素,而木质素利用率较低。羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、漆酶是降解木质纤维素的主要酶类,各种酶活性与产量呈正相关。【Objective】The changes of the physico-chemical properties,degradation of lignocellulose and their degradation enzymes during the composting of Agaricus bisporus substrates were investigated,which will become the basis for the establishment of scientific index evaluation system of the mushroom industrial cultivation.【Methods】Physico-chemical properties,lignocellulose contents,and their degradation enzyme activities of the composting substrates of three independent trials were determined.Yield of each trial was also counted.【Results】The physico-chemical properties of the three independent trials fell well in the suitable range.At the beginning of composting,the relative content of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin was 23.19%,19.64%,and 16.12%,respectively.At the end of composting,the relative content of the three components was 15.73%,10.93%,and 22.96%,respectively.At the end of mushroom flushing,the relative content of the three components was 8.37%,4.27%,and 18.98%,respectively.It suggests that both the composting microorganisms and A.bisporus preferred cellulose and hemicellulose rather than lignin.The activities of cellulose degradation enzymes were relatively stable during composting,and rapidly increased during the first mushroom flushing,followed by gradually decreased.The activity of carboxymethyl cellulase(11.02-149.52 U/g)was much higher than that ofα-cellobiase(0.37-13.30 U/g),suggesting that carboxymethyl cellulase was the main enzyme for cellulose degradation.The activities of three hemicellulose were undulated during composting,and reached the maximum during the first mushroom flushing.The activity of xylanase(58.65-176.25 U/g)was higher than that of xylosidase(0.55-5.07 U/g)andα-arabinofuranosidase(2.29-39.60 U/g),suggesting that xylanase was the functional hemicellulose degradation enzyme.Laccase activity was void during composting,but rapidly rose to 14.57 U/g when the mushroom mycelia were full.The high laccase activity maintained till the end of pinning stage.Among the three trails

关 键 词：双孢蘑菇 堆肥 理化性质 木质纤维素降解酶 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]