蜜蜂群势对大棚甜瓜授粉效果的影响  

Effect of Bee Colony Population on Pollination Effect for Muskmelon in Greenhouse

作　　者：申晋山 王怡 李立新 李捷[1] 智海英[1] 马海龙 雷佳 马卫华 SHEN Jinshan;WANG Yi;LI Lixin;LI Jie;ZHI Haiying;MA Hailong;LEI Jia;MA Weihua(Shanxi Agricultural University(Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences),Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学(山西省农业科学院),山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第12期1991-1993,共3页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-KXJ23);山西省农业科学院山西“农谷”研发专项(YCX2018203);山西省农业科学院农业产业发展科技引领工程(2020CYYL-16)。

摘　　要：为明确大棚甜瓜授粉的最佳蜜蜂密度,对半封闭大棚甜瓜的传粉昆虫、不同脾数访花蜜蜂数量与坐果率进行了调查。结果表明,半封闭大棚内,蜜蜂占总传粉昆虫的比例为85.00%~95.65%;1.5、2.0、3.0脾的访花蜜蜂数量分别为36、44、66只;采用1.5、2.0、3.0脾蜜蜂授粉后甜瓜坐果率较自然情况下分别提高了21.63%、43.25%和67.58%;蜜蜂访花数量(y=14.66x+19.22)以及甜瓜坐果率(y=9.223x+31.66)随蜂群脾数的增加呈显著线性增长模式。根据线性增长模式,在标准甜瓜种植模式下,甜瓜大棚适宜的蜜蜂脾数约为60脾/hm2。To achieve good pollination effect and know the proper number of bee comb for muskmelon in greenhouse,the number of pollinators,the number of honeybee flower-visiting and the rate of setting fruit with different number of honeybee comb were investigated under the condition of semi-closed muskmelon greenhouse.The results showed that the number of wild pollinating insects was still insufficient in the semi-closed greenhouse,honeybees accounted by 85.00%-95.65%of total pollinators.The number of honeybee flower-visiting of 1.5,2.0,3.0 combs were 36,44,66,respectively.Compared with natural pollination,when the number of bee comb was 1.5,2.0,3.0 combs,the fruit setting rate of muskmelon increased by 21.63%,43.25%and 67.58%,respectively.The number of honeybee flowers-visiting(y=14.66x+19.22)and the fruit setting rate of muskmelon(y=9.223x+31.66)increased linearly with the increase of the comb number.According to the linear growth model,the optimum number of bee comb in greenhouse was about 60 combs/hm2 under the standard muskmelon planting mode.

关 键 词：西方蜜蜂 大棚甜瓜 授粉 蜂群脾数 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]