小麦单倍体育种方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Wheat Haploid Breeding Methods

作　　者：王敏[1] 闫贵云 左静静 WANG Min;YAN Guiyun;ZUO Jingjing(College of Agronomy,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2020年第12期2012-2016,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221018-8);山西省农业科学院农业科技创新研究课题(YCX2018402)。

摘　　要：单倍体植株的基因型和表现型完全一致,是研究遗传性状的优质材料。小麦单倍体育种能够有效缩短育种年限、促进新品种选育,单倍体的获得可为研究小麦抗病抗旱等性状提供理论基础。近年来,小麦单倍体研究的方法主要有离体培养和孤雌生殖。常用的离体培养主要有花药离体培养、花粉离体培养;孤雌生殖主要包括辐射花粉、化学诱导、异种属花粉延迟授粉、异种属细胞质-核替换法、远缘杂交等。这些方法各有优缺点,文章对小麦单倍体的育种方法、获得途径、应用过程中存在的问题、研究进展等方面进行了综述,并对获得单倍体的多种方法进行了对比分析,以期为小麦育种者提供一定的参考。Haploid plants have the same genotype and phenotype,and are good materials for studying genetic characters.Wheat haploid breeding can effectively shorten the breeding period,promote the breeding of new wheat varieties,and provide a theoretical basis for the study of wheat disease resistance and drought resistance.In recent years,the research methods of wheat haploid mainly include in vitro culture and parthenogenesis.The commonly used in vitro culture mainly includes anther culture in vitro and pollen culture in vitro.Parthenogenesis mainly includes radiation pollen,chemical induction,delayed pollination of alien pollen,cytoplasmic nuclear substitution of alien,distant hybridization,etc..These methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.In this paper,the breeding methods of wheat haploid,the way to obtain haploid,the problems existing in the application process,and the research progress were reviewed.A variety of methods for obtaining haploid were compared and analyzed to provide some reference for wheat breeders.

关 键 词：小麦 单倍体 离体培养 孤雌生殖 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]