民法典第462条占有保护制度的几个解释与适用问题  

Interpretation and Application of Legal Protection of Possessionin Article 462 of China Civil Code

作　　者：章正璋[1,2] Zhang Zheng-zhang

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院暨东吴公法与比较法研究所 [2]苏州大学江苏高校区域法治协同创新中心

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2020年第4期66-71,共6页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：司法部重点项目“《民法典》物权编中的设权合同问题研究”(项目批准号:18SFB1008)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：我国《民法典》第462条所规定的占有保护规范属于不完全规范,其适用依赖于整体性、体系性、合目的性等解释。占有保护与物权保护在规范目的、请求权基础、归责原则、举证责任、诉讼时效与除斥期间的适用、诉讼结果、抗辩事由以及请求权的成立要件诸方面均存在本质性区别,不得不辨。侵害占有的损害赔偿请求权性质上属于债权请求权,《民法典》总则编、合同编、侵权责任编关于责任财产不足、代位权、撤销权、抵销权、不当得利、侵权损害赔偿的范围、归责原则等制度,一般均得适用于侵害占有的损害赔偿责任。善意占有人的侵害占有损害赔偿请求权一般应予支持,恶意占有人针对非本权人的侵害占有损害赔偿请求权一般也应予以支持。The rules of legal protection of possession stipulated in article 462 of China Civil Code are incomplete norms,and their application depends on the interpretation from the perspectives of integrity,system and the legislative purposes.There are essential differences between the protection of possession and the protection of real right in the following aspects,such as the purpose of regulation,the basis of claim,the principle of imputation,the burden of proof,the application of the extinctive prescription and the exclusion period,the objections and the preconditions of the right of claim.In nature,the claim for damages for infringement of possession belong to the debt claim.Generally,the book one general provisions,the book three contracts and the book seven tort liability of China Civil Code can be applied to the liability of damages for infringement of possession.The claim for damages for infringement of possession from the bona fide possessor should be supported,and the claim for damages for infringement of possession from the unauthorized possessor should also be supported,if the infringer isn’t the right holder.

关 键 词：占有保护 物权保护 举证责任 损害赔偿 无权占有 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]