不同冬种模式对土壤物理性质和后茬杂交水稻产量的影响  

Effects of Different Winter Planting Patterns on Soil Physical Properties and Yield of Succeeding Hybrid rice

作　　者：王玲莉 许桂玲[1] 冯跃华[1,2] 欧达 苏卫 王晓珂 彭金凤 罗强鑫 韩志丽 卢苇 陈勇 WANG Lingli;XU Guiling;FENG Yuehua;OU Da;SU Wei;WANG Xiaoke;PENG Jingfeng;LUO Qiangxin;HAN Zhili;LU Wei;CHEN Yong(College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学山地植物资源保护与种植创新教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山地农业生物学报》2020年第5期9-14,共6页Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目子项(201503118-03);国家自然科学基金(31360311、31160263);贵州省农业科技攻关项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2303、黔科合支撑[2016]2563);贵州省特色粮油作物栽培与生理生态研究科技创新人才团队(黔科合平台人才[2019]5613);贵州省高层次创新型人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5632);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)。

摘　　要：为探讨不同冬种模式对土壤物理性质和后茬杂交水稻产量的影响,于2017-2019在贵州省绥阳县进行了5种冬种模式(A:冬闲-水稻;B:油菜-水稻;C:蔬菜-水稻;D:马铃薯-水稻;E:绿肥-水稻)的试验。结果表明,冬种作物各处理的后茬杂交水稻实收产量均高于冬闲处理,增幅为3.71%~8.48%,其中以冬种蔬菜和绿肥处理的后茬杂交水稻实收产量增产效果较明显,增幅分别达到8.48%、7.6%;尽管不同冬种模式下后茬杂交水稻有效穗数、千粒重及结实率差异不显著,但其每穗总粒数存在显著差异,且B、C、D、E均显著高于A。除绿肥-水稻模式外,其他模式的耕层容重之间均无显著差异;油菜-水稻和蔬菜-水稻模式有利于提高耕层土壤毛管孔隙度和毛管持水量。综上,相比其他冬种模式,蔬菜-水稻模式是一种较好的模式,他能够改善土壤的物理性质和提高后茬杂交水稻的产量。In order to explore the effects of different winter planting patterns on soil physical properties and yield of succeeding hybrid rice,five winter planting patternst were carried out in Suiyang County,Guizhou Province during 2017 to 2019(A:winter fallow-rice;B:rape-rice;C:vegetable-rice;D:potato-rice;E:green manure-rice).The results showed that the yield of hybrid rice after winter planting was higher than that of winter fallow treatment,with an increase of 3.71%~8.48%.Among them,the actual yield of the subsequent hybrid rice treated with winter vegetables and green manure was more effective.The increase rate reached 8.48%and 7.6%,respectively.Although there were no significant differences in the effective panicle number,1000-grain weight and seed setting rate of hybrid rice under different winter planting modes,there were significant differences in the total grains per panicle,and B,C,D and E treatment were significantly higher than that of A.Except for green manure-rice model,there was no significant difference in bulk density of cultivated layer in other models.The rape-rice and vegetable-rice models were beneficial to improve soil capillary porosity and capillary moisture capacity.In conclusion,compared with other winter planting patterns,the vegetable-rice model is a better model,which could improve the physical properties of soil and increase the yield of hybrid rice.

关 键 词：冬种模式 杂交水稻 土壤物理性质 产量 每穗总粒数 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]