磷肥用量对甜玉米磷素吸收利用的影响  

Effects of phosphorus application on phosphorus uptake and utilization of sweet corn

作　　者：颜晓军 叶德练 苏达 李芳 郑朝元[1,2] 吴良泉[1,2] YAN Xiao-Jun;YE De-Lian;SU Da;LI Fang;ZHENG Chao-Yuan;WU Liang-Quan(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;International Magnesium Institute/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China;College of Agriculture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学资源与环境学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学国际镁营养研究所,福建福州350002 [3]福建农林大学农学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《作物学报》2021年第1期169-176,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200200,2017YFD0200207,2016YFD0200400,2016YFD0200401);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41601244,31701367,2019J01374);福建省教育厅中青年教师科研项目(JAT160174,JAT170157,JAT170156)资助。

摘　　要：明确磷素吸收利用特性,是磷素高效利用及作物高产的基础。本研究通过2年田间磷肥梯度定位试验,研究不同磷肥供应(0、37.5、75、150和300kghm^–2,分别用P0、P1、P2、P3和P4表示)对甜玉米产量、不同器官生物量和磷素累积与分配、磷素转运特征和磷肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,磷肥供应均显著提高2018年和2019年甜玉米的鲜穗产量,但不同磷肥供应处理(P1~P4)之间的产量差异不显著,磷肥供应显著提高甜玉米拔节期、吐丝期和鲜食期植株的生物量及磷素累积量,其中籽粒磷素累积量约占植株磷素累积量的42%。磷肥供应下花后磷同化对甜玉米穗部磷素累积量的贡献率达到57.3%~93.0%;而1kg磷素生产鲜穗量、磷素生理效率、农学效率、回收利用率和偏生产力均随着磷肥供应量增加而明显下降。综合考虑产量与磷肥利用效率,在本试验条件下,37.5 kg hm^–2磷肥供应可满足甜玉米高产和磷肥高效利用的需求。Understanding the phosphorus(P)absorption mechanism is the premise for high P utilization and high crop yield.In this study,the effects of different P rates(0,37.5,75,150,and 300 kg hm^–2,expressed as P0,P1,P2,P3,and P4,respectively)on sweet corn yield,biomass and P accumulation and tissue distribution,P transportation and P utilization were studied using a two-year P gradient positioning field experiment.Our results showed that P application significantly increased the fresh ear yield of sweet corn,but the yield difference among different P application rates(P1–P4)was not significant from 2018 to 2019 compared with P0 treatment.P application significantly increased the biomass and P accumulation of sweet corn plants at jointing,silking and fresh eating stages,respectively.In addition,P accumulation in grain was not significant different,which accounting for 42%of plant P accumulation.With P application,the contribution rate of P assimilation to the ear P accumulation was 57.3%–93.0%after anthesis,while the fresh ear yield per P accumulation,P physiological efficiency,agronomic efficiency,recovery efficiency and partial productivity decreased with P rates.Considering the yield and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,the supply of 37.5 kg hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer can meet the needs of high yield and efficient utilization of phosphate fertilizer in sweet corn in this experiment.

关 键 词：甜玉米 磷肥水平 产量 磷素利用 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]