成龄胶园间作五指毛桃施肥量的研究  

Study on the Fertilizing Amount Applied to Ficus Hirta Vahl Intercropping in the Mature Rubber Plantations

作　　者：李娟[1] 王秀全[1] LI Juan;WANG Xiuquan(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation&Physiology of Tropical Crops/Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou 571101,Hainan)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/农业部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《中国热带农业》2020年第6期73-76,共4页China Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022019005);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(1630022020025);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-34-YZ4)。

摘　　要：为明确成龄胶园间作的五指毛桃的需肥规律,提高肥料利用率、改善胶园间作生态环境、增加五指毛桃的经济收益。采用“3414”肥料试验,研究氮、磷、钾肥不同配比对五指毛桃产量的影响,以期为成龄胶园高效间作提供推荐施肥量。研究结果表明,五指毛桃施用氮磷钾肥增产效应依次为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥,其增产率分别为78.2%、69.5%、54.6%。土壤基础肥力、氮、磷和钾肥对五指毛桃产量的贡献率分别为37.4%、43.9%、41.0%和35.5%。试验区域五指毛桃最佳施肥量为氮(N)146kg/hm^2、磷(P2O5)83kg/hm^2、钾(K2O)187kg/hm^2,三大元素最佳施肥比为N∶P∶K=1∶0.57∶1.28,以期为成龄胶园高效间作五指毛桃提供依据。The purposes of this study includes understanding the fertilizer requirement characteristics of Ficus hirta vahl intercropping in the mature rubber plantations,raising the fertilizer utilization rate,improving the intercropping ecological environment of the rubber plantations,and increasing the economic benefit of Ficus hirta vahl.The effects of different nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)fertilizer ratios on the yield of Ficus hirta vahl were studied through“3414”Fertilizer Experiment,in order to provide the recommended fertilizing amount for the high efficiency intercropping in the mature rubber plantations.The results showed that the increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the yield of Ficus hirta vahl were in the following order:Nitrogen Fertilizer>Phosphorus Fertilizer>Potassium Fertilizer,and the increasing rates of them were 78.2%,69.5%and 54.6%respectively.The contribution rates of basic soil fertility,nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer to the yield of Ficus hirta vahl were 37.4%,43.9%,41.0%and 35.5%,respectively.The economic optimum fertilizing amount for Ficus hirta vahl in the experimental area were 146 kg/ha of nitrogen(N),83 kg/ha of phosphorus(P2O5)and 187 kg/ha of potassium(K2O)and the optimum proportion of N,P and K was 1:0.57:1.28.It can provide a basis for high efficiency intercropping in the mature rubber plantations.

关 键 词：成龄胶园间作 五指毛桃 经济最佳施肥量 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培] S794.1[农业科学—作物学]