淮河干流蚌埠至浮山段输水输沙规律研究  

Study on water and sediment transport law of Bengbu-Fushan Reach of main stream of Huaihe River

作　　者：倪晋[1] 虞邦义[1] 张辉 王久晟[1] NI Jin;YU Bangyi;ZHANG Hui;WANG Jiusheng(Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province, Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Water Resources Commission, MWR, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省·水利部淮委水利科学研究院水利水资源安徽省重点实验室,安徽蚌埠233000

出　　处：《水利水电技术》2020年第11期132-137,共6页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0405602);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07204-006);安徽省水利科技计划项目(slkj202001-07)。

摘　　要：识别淮河干流水沙输运机制及运行规律,是当前淮河治理中亟待解决的基础问题。选择淮河干流蚌埠至浮山段作为典型,采用实测资料分析、物理模型试验与数学模型计算相结合的方法,系统分析了河道的水沙输移特性。结果表明,高滩深槽的断面型式与狭窄的滩面造成本段滩地分流比偏低,行洪主要依赖于主槽。近期河道的泄流能力有所增加,是自然演变、人工采砂与河道整治三者共同驱动的结果,其中河道整治的贡献率最大且作用不可替代。河道的洪水传播速度与来流量存在较强的相关性,在漫滩行洪阶段(2900 m^3/s≤Q<4500 m^3/s),滩地水流对主槽水流的阻滞作用明显,相应洪水传播时间也较长。以水文站输沙率公式为基础,推导了河道冲淤量与水流条件的经验公式,并提出大水冲刷,小水淤积的流量阈值为3400 m^3/s。考虑冲淤状态的影响,对已建挟沙能力公式进行改进。经验证,修正后的挟沙能力公式能够反映实际。上述研究成果可为进一步治淮提供参考。Identifying the water and sediment transport mechanism and movement law of the main stream of Huaihe River is a basic problem to be urgently solved during harnessing Huaihe River.By taking Bengbu-Fushan Reach of the main stream of Huaihe River as a typical case,the characteristics of water and sediment transport of the river channel is systematically analyzed herein with the method in combination with the analysis of the measured data,physical model experiment and mathematical model calculation.The result shows that the high floodplain and deep-cut channel as well as the narrow floodplain lead to the low diversion ratio of this section of floodplain,thus the flood discharge therein mainly depends on the main river channel.The discharge capacity of the river channel increases to some extent recently,which is resulted from the common drive from the natural evolution,artificial sand mining and river regulation,and in which the contribution rate of river regulation is not only the maximum,but also is irreplaceable.A stronger correlation is there between the propagation velocity of flood and the incoming flow rate in the river channel,while the retardation effect from the water flow on the floodplain on the water flow in the main river channel is obvious and the corresponding flood propagation time is longer as well during the flood discharging phase of the floodplain(2900 m^3/s≤Q<4500 m^3/s).Based on the formula of sediment transport rate of hydrological station,the empirical formulae of the channel scouring and silting amount and flow conditions are derived and then the flow rate threshold of 3400 m^3/s for large-flow scouring and small flow silting is put forward.Under the consideration of the effect from the scouring and silting status,the existing sediment carrying capacity formula is improved.Through the relevant verification,the improved sediment carrying capacity formula can reflect the reality.The above-mentioned study result can provide some references for the further harnessing of Huaihe River.

关 键 词：淮河 洪水传播 过流能力 挟沙能力 冲淤规律 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]