柔性导电高分子复合材料在应变传感器中的应用  

Flexible Conductive Polymer Composites in Strain Sensors

作　　者：潘朝莹 马建中 张文博[2] 卫林峰 Zhaoying Pan;Jianzhong Ma;Wenbo Zhang;Linfeng Wei(National Demonstrati on Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;School of Materials Science Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,国家轻工化学实验工程示范中心,西安710021 [2]陕西科技大学陕西省轻化工助剂化学与技术协同创新中心,化学与化工学院,西安710021 [3]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710021

出　　处：《化学进展》2020年第10期1592-1607,共16页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21908141,52073164);陕西省重点研发计划(No.2019GY-171)资助。

摘　　要：柔性和可穿戴传感器最近十几年来的发展,使得它们在个性化医疗、人机交互和智能机器人等方面拥有良好的应用前景。由导电材料和弹性聚合物组成的柔性导电高分子复合材料具有高的可拉伸性、良好的柔韧性、优异的耐久性等优点,可用来制备传感范围宽、灵敏度高的柔性应变传感器。本文综述了基于柔性导电高分子复合材料的可拉伸应变传感器的分类(填充型、三明治型、吸附型应变传感器)和传感机理(隧穿效应,分离机制,裂纹扩展),并详细介绍了传感器所用复合材料的结构设计,包括内部结构(双逾渗网络、隔离、多孔、"砖混"结构)、表面结构(微裂纹、褶皱结构)和宏观结构(纤维状、网状、薄膜结构)。内部结构设计可降低材料的逾渗阈值,表面结构设计可提高传感器性能,每个宏观结构都有自己的特点。最后对应变传感器的材料选择、制备工艺、结构设计、附加性能、集成技术和应用方向等方面进行了展望。The development of flexible and wearable sensors in the past decade has made them have good application prospects in personalized medicine,human-computer interaction and intelligent robots.Flexible conductive polymer composite materials composed of conductive materials and elastic polymers,which have high stretchability,excellent flexibility,durability and other characteristics,can be used to prepare flexible sensors with wide sensing range and high sensitivity.This article reviews the composite types(filled type strain sensors,sandwich type strain sensors,adsorption type strain sensors)and sensing mechanisms(tunneling effect,disconnection mechanism,crack propagation)of stretchable strain sensors based on flexible conductive polymer composite materials.The structure design of the composite materials used for the sensor is introduced in detail,including the internal structure(double percolation structure,segregation structure,porous structure,and"brickand-mortar"structure),surface structure(wrinkles structure and microcrack structure)and macro structure(fiber structure,net structure,film structure).The internal structure design can reduce the materials’percolation threshold,the surface structure design can improve the sensor performance,and each macro structure has its own characteristics.Finally,the developments of the sensors in material selection,preparation technology,structure design,compound mode,additional performance and application direction are prospected.

关 键 词：柔性 导电高分子 复合材料 应变 传感器 

分 类 号：O631[理学—高分子化学] TP212.6[理学—化学]