芳香大分子和超分子螺旋管构筑及其功能  

Macromolecular and Supramolecular Helical Tubes:Synthesis and Functions

作　　者：张丹维[1] 王辉[1] 黎占亭[1] Dan-Wei Zhang;Hui Wang;Zhan-Ting Li(Department of Chemistry,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学化学系,上海200438

出　　处：《化学进展》2020年第11期1665-1679,共15页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.21772026)资助。

摘　　要：疏溶剂作用、氢键、静电作用、卤键和配位作用等非共价键作用力都可以用于控制芳香大分子和超分子的折叠和螺旋,由此形成的芳香聚合物螺旋管内径尺寸相对固定,内穴深度可调,作为主体分子可以识别或包结多种客体分子,通过络合能够产生手性诱导与传递和跨膜输送功能,也能够促进有机化学转化等。本文综述了由芳香砌块构筑的这类大分子和超分子螺旋管的构筑和功能。首先介绍了通过不同策略形成管状结构的背景,以及超分子和大分子方法的特点,着重介绍了由芳香酰胺、酰肼、三唑和乙炔重复链段的不同低聚物分子形成的分子管,并总结了形成超分子管的自组装策略,最后讨论了长高分子管的合成挑战以及这种结构独特的结构家族的新的潜在应用。It has been established that hydrophobicity,hydrogen bonding,electrostatic attraction,halogen bonding and coordination all can be utilized to stabilize the folding and/or helicity of aromatic macromolecules and supramolecular systems.The resulting aromatic helical tubes possess defined diameters and tunable depth and can be used as synthetic receptors for recognizing or encapsulating a variety of guest species,achieving chirality induction and transfer,promoting organic transformations,and as artificial channels for transmembrane transport.This review highlights the advance in the construction of such family of macromolecular and supramolecular tubes from aromatic segments and their important functions.In the first section,we introduce the background of the formation of tubular structures from different strategies and the features of the supramolecular and macromolecular approaches.We then highlight the formation of molecular tubes from various oligomeric molecules with aromatic amide,hydrazide,triazole and ethyne repeat segments.In the following section,we describe the use of polymeric backbones with the above repeat segments.The self-assembly strategy for the formation of supramolecular tubes is then summarized in another section.In particular,the utility of hydrogen bonding,halogen bonding and coordination interactions has been described.When available,the functions of the tubular structures are briefly presented.In the last section,we discuss the synthetic challenges for the formation of long macromolecular tubes and the new potential applications of this family of structurally unique structures.

关 键 词：螺旋管 芳香折叠体 非共价键作用 分子识别 跨膜输送 

分 类 号：O621.16[理学—有机化学] O641.3[理学—化学]