遮阴对南方稻-麦土壤CH4和N2O碳排放强度的影响  被引量:2

Effects of Shading on the Carbon Emission Intensity of CH4 and N2O from Rice-Wheat Rotated Soil in Southern China

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作  者:马莉 娄运生[1,3] 杨晓军[2] 苟尚 李君 李睿 张震[3] MA Li;LOU Yun-sheng;YANG Xiao-jun;GOU Shang;LI Jun;LI Rui;ZHANG Zhen(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Lanzhou Center Meteorological Observatory,Lanzhou 730020;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区:[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]兰州中心气象台,兰州730020 [3]南京信息工程大学江苏省农业气象重点实验室,南京210044

出  处:《中国农业气象》2020年第12期747-760,共14页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基  金:国家自然科学基金(41875177;41375159);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190305);甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(Ms Cg2020-07)。

摘  要:通过田间模拟试验,采用双因素试验设计,研究太阳辐射减弱下不同农田管理对稻-麦土壤温室气体排放特征及其碳排放强度的影响。遮阴强度设3个水平,即对照(CK,不遮阴)、轻度遮阴(S1,单层遮阴)和重度遮阴(S2,双层遮阴);农田管理(水分管理/播期)设2个水平,即常规淹水/常规播期(F/P)和湿润灌溉/晚播(M/L),在稻-麦主要生育期对土壤CH_4和N_2O排放通量进行测定。结果表明:遮阴(S1、S2)使稻-麦土壤常规淹水/常规播期处理的CH_4累积排放量显著降低68.08%、42.22%,并提高了湿润灌溉/晚播处理稻-麦土壤的CH_4排放;湿润灌溉/晚播处理显著降低CH_4累积排放量15.6%~86.61%。遮阴显著提高稻-麦土壤各处理的N_2O累积排放量63.59%~111.40%(P<0.05);常规淹水/常规播期处理稻-麦土壤N_2O累积排放量较湿润灌溉/晚播处理略有降低。就全球增温潜势而言,与不遮阴相比,遮阴使常规淹水/常规播期处理下的稻-麦土壤CH_4和N_2O对全球增温潜势的贡献显著降低36.32%~62.51%,使湿润灌溉/晚播处理的略有提高;湿润灌溉/晚播处理下CH_4和N_2O的全球增温潜势较常规淹水/常规播期处理降低12.1%~83.22%。研究认为,遮阴使稻-麦土壤CH_4和N_2O的碳排放强度显著升高,而不遮阴下湿润灌溉/晚播处理可显著降低CH_4和N_2O的碳排放强度,即保证了产量又提高了生态效益。The solar radiation weakening is one of the main characteristics of climate change.It is still unclear concerning the impact of the solar radiation weakening on the emissionsof greenhouse gas(CH4 and N2 O)and carbon emission intensity in rice-wheat soils.A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the emissions of greenhouse gases in rice-winter wheat rotation ecosystem and the changes in carbon emission intensity with field managements under shading conditions.The two-factorial experiment was adopted with 3 levels of shading intensities,i.e.control(CK,no shading),light shading(S1,61.26%of shading rate)and heavy shading(S2,83.65%of shading rate).The shading treatment was performed by covering the crop canopy with black sunshade net and periodically adjust the net hight to maintain the distance at 30 cm between the net and crop canopy.Field managements(water management/planting date)were set 2 levels,i.e.traditional flooding irrigation/conventional planting date(F/P;rice F,water depth 5 cm;winter wheat P,planting time November 6,2017)and moistening irrigation/late planting(M/L;rice M,anhydrous layer;winter wheat L,planting time November 13,2017).The closed chamber method was used to measure the emission fluxes of CH4 and N2 O from 8:00 am to 11:00 am at one-week interval.The tested soil was a hydromorphic paddy soil.The tested cultivars of rice and winter wheat were Nanjing 5055 and Sumai 188,respectively.The field experiment was performed at the Station of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing,Jiangsu prov.,China.The results showed that,shading(S1,S2)significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emission in rice-winter wheat rotation ecosystem under traditional flooding irrigation/conventional planting by 68.08%and 42.22%,and slightly increased the CH4 emission under moistening irrigation/late planting.Moistening irrigation/late planting significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emissions by 15.6%to 86.61%.The shading significantly increased the cumulat

关 键 词:甲烷(CH4) 氧化亚氮(N2O) 碳排放 遮阴 稻-麦 

分 类 号:S511[农业科学—作物学] S162.53

 

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